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4 311 natijaTartib: ko‘p iqtibos olganlari birinchiAvval ReLibrary iqtiboslari, keyin OpenAlex, keyin Crossref bo‘yicha — raqamlar qo‘shilmaydi; teng bo‘lsa, yangisi oldinda.Eng yangilarini birinchi ko‘rsatish
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Роль мониторинга и диагностики паразитарных болезней животных в обеспечении безопасности пищевой продукции животного происхождения
Kamolov N.Sh., Muxiddinov A.R. · Применение молекулярно-генетических методов в диагностике паразитарных болезней, современные аспекты их лечения и профилактики · 2026
Maqolada zoonoz parazitar invaziyalar kontekstida hayvonlardan olinadigan oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari xavfsizligini ta‘minlashning dolzarb muammosi ko‘rib chiqilgan. “Fermadan dasturxongacha” ishlab chiqarish zanjirining barcha bosqichlarida tizimli monitoring va zamonaviy laboratoriya diagnostikasi usullarining ahamiyatiga alohida e‘tibor qaratilgan. Parazitar kasalliklarning iqtisodiy oqibatlari, normativ-huquqiy baza hamda xalqaro va milliy xavfsizlik standartlari talablari tahlil qilingan.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Antistress preparatlarning jo‘jalar fiziologik holati va qon leykotsitlarining fagotsitar faolligiga ta‘siri
Ibragimova Feruza Davletbayevna · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Maqolada broyler tovuqlarining fiziologik holatlariga va qondagi leykotsitlarning fagotsitar aktivligiga Nozepam, aminazin va ularning vitamin S bilan birikmalari hamda Chiktonik vitaminli kompleksining ta‘sir doiralari o‘rganilgan.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Exinokokkoz o‘ta xavfli kasallik – unga qarshi kurashish
Tursunqulov A.R., O‘rolov O.O., Mustafayeva T.P. · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Maqolada Samarqand viloyatidagi 7 ta qishloq va ikkita fermer xo‘jaligida qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida larval sestodozlarning tarqalishini o‘rganish bo‘yicha olib borilgan tadqiqotlar natijalari keltirilgan. Hayvonlarning larval sestodozlar bilan zararlanganligi o‘rtacha 37,2% ni tashkil etgan bo‘lib, bu kasalliklar orasida yetakchi o‘rinni exinokokkoz egallaydi (o‘rtacha 29,3%). Itlarning teniidalar bilan zararlanganligi o‘rtacha 25,8% ni tashkil etgan.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Видовой состав клещей надсемейства Ixodoidea в Узбекистане
Aliboyev Z.A., Daminov A.S., Mahmudova L.B., Usarov G.X., Lunina G.A., Tokarevich N.K., Turitsin V.S. · Применение молекулярно-генетических методов в диагностике паразитарных болезней, современные аспекты их лечения и профилактики · 2026
Odamlar va hayvonlarda xavfli kasalliklarni keltirib chiqaruvchi ko‘plab patogenlarning xo‘jayinlari va tashuvchilari bo‘lgan iksod kanalari (Acarina, Ixodidae) soni va tur tarkibini doimiy monitoring qilish transmissiv infeksiyalarni prognozlash va profilaktika qilishning zaruriy shartidir. 2023–2026-yillarda O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Qashqadaryo, Navoiy, Samarqand va Sirdaryo viloyatlarida Argasidae va Ixodidae oilalariga mansub kanalar standart usullar – bayroqcha usuli hamda uy va yovvoyi hayvonlardan terib olish usuli bilan yig‘ildi, shuningdek, hayvonlar saqlanadigan joylar ham tekshirildi. Yig‘ilgan barcha kanalar MBS-9 stereomikroskopi yordamida N.A. Filippovaning aniqlash jadvallari bo‘yicha tur darajasigacha aniqlandi. Argasidae oilasi bitta tur – odatda tovuqxonalarda yashaydigan Argas persicus (Oken, 1818) bilan ifodalangan. Ixodidae oilasiga mansub iksod kanalari asosan uy hayvonlaridan yig‘ildi: 3 avlodga mansub 12 turning 843 ta voyaga yetgan individi va 15 ta nimfasi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining tekshirilgan hududlarida hayvonlardan va yovvoyi tabiatdan 2 oila va 6 avlodga mansub 14 tur kana yig‘ildi. Kanalarning eng ko‘p qismi Samarqand va Sirdaryo viloyatlarida yig‘ildi. Olingan natijalar O‘zbekiston Respublikasining tekshirilgan viloyatlarida iksod kanalari sezilarli darajada xilma-xil ekanligidan dalolat beradi hamda ushbu qon so‘ruvchi parazitlar monitoringi hududini kengaytirish va ularning turli patogenlar bilan zararlanganligini aniqlash uchun molekulyar-genetik tadqiqotlar o‘tkazish maqsadga muvofiq ekanligini asoslaydi.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Qoramollarda tizaneziozning oraliq xo‘jayinlari va ularning tarqalish xususiyatlari (adabiyotlar tahlili asosida)
Yunusov X.B., Muxammadiyeva Sh.X., Taylakov T.I. · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Maqolada qoramollarda tizanezioz qo‘zg‘atuvchisi Thysaniezia giardi sestodasining biologik xususiyatlari, rivojlanish sikli va oraliq xo‘jayinlari tahlil qilingan. Oraliq xo‘jayinlarning tarqalishiga ta‘sir etuvchi ekologik va epizootologik omillar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, tuproq namligi, harorat, yaylov sharoiti va mavsumiy o‘zgarishlarning ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqilgan. Mavjud ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida parazitning tarqalish xususiyatlari umumlashtirilgan. Olingan xulosalar tizanezioz profilaktikasini takomillashtirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Qo‘y va echkilarda ichak sestodozlari: epizootologiyasi, morfologiyasi va ularning o‘rganilganlik darajasi (adabiyotlar tahlili)
Musinova G.A., Urokov K. · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Ushbu maqolada qo‘y va echkilarda uchraydigan asosiy ichak sestodozlari — moniezioz, tizaniezioz, avitellinoz va stileziozlarning epizootologik holati, qo‘zg‘atuvchilarining morfologik xususiyatlari hamda dunyo va O‘zbekiston miqyosida o‘rganilganlik darajasi tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida ushbu gelmintozlarning chorvachilikka yetkazayotgan iqtisodiy zarari, hayvonning yoshi va mavsumiy dinamikasi, hududlar bo‘yicha tarqalishi hamda diagnostik va profilaktik tadbirlarning ahamiyati tahlil qilindi.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Hayvonlar gelmintozlarining laboratoriya va klinik diagnostikasi
Musinova Gulrux Abdukaxarovna, Urokov Kamoliddin Xudayberiyevich, Mustafayeva Toliba Panji qizi · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Ushbu maqolada hayvonlar gelmintozlarini aniqlashda qo‘llaniladigan laboratoriya va klinik diagnostika usullari tahlil qilingan. Gelmintozlar qishloq xo‘jaligi hayvonlarining mahsuldorligini pasaytirishi, ularning sog‘lig‘iga salbiy ta‘sir ko‘rsatishi hamda ayrim turlarining zoonoz xususiyati tufayli inson salomatligi uchun ham xavf tug‘dirishi ta‘kidlangan. Maqolada klinik belgilari, parazitologik, gelmintoovoskopik, gelmintolarvoskopik, to‘liq gelmintologik yorib ko‘rish va noto‘liq gelmintologik yorib ko‘rish usullarining ahamiyati yoritilgan. Shuningdek, kasalliklarni erta aniqlash, to‘g‘ri tashxis qo‘yish va samarali davolash hamda profilaktika chora-tadbirlarini ishlab chiqishda laboratoriya tekshiruvlarining o‘rni asoslab berilgan.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Морфологические изменения нервных структур печени у собак при моделировании синдрома холестаза
Shodiyarova D.S., Rasulova L.L., Ortikova Yu.O. · Применение молекулярно-генетических методов в диагностике паразитарных болезней, современные аспекты их лечения и профилактики · 2026
Ushbu ishda jigarning nerv tuzilmalarini turli patologik holatlarda o‘rganishga oid adabiyotlar tahlil qilindi hamda mualliflarning shaxsiy tadqiqotlari natijalari keltirildi. Tadqiqot uchun 20 ta jinsiy jihatdan yetuk itning jigari olindi. Xolestaz sindromi hayvonlarda umumiy o‘t yo‘lini bog‘lash orqali modellashtirildi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatdiki, xolestaz holatida itlar jigarining adrenergik va xolinergik nerv tuzilmalarida varikozsimon kengayishlar, mediatorlarning notekis taqsimlanishi, nerv tolalarining notekis yorug‘lanishi hamda nerv elementlarida boshqa destruktiv o‘zgarishlar kuzatildi.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
A‘zo va to‘qimalarda immunodepressantlar ta‘sirida kuzatiladigan morfofunksional va immunogistokimyoviy o‘zgarishlar
Oripov F.S., Jurayeva B.G. · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Ushbu sharh maqolada antiblastom immunodepressantlarning (siklofosfamid, metotreksat, azatioprin) turli farmakologik guruhlari qo‘llanilishida a‘zo va to‘qimalarda (jigar, buyrak, taloq, limfa tugunlari, suyak ko‘migi) yuzaga keladigan morfofunksional va immunogistokimyoviy o‘zgarishlar bo‘yicha zamonaviy adabiyotlar ma‘lumotlarining umumiy tahlili keltirilgan. Toksiklikning asosiy mexanizmlari: ksenobiotiklar metabolizmining buzilishi, oksidlovchi stressning faollashishi, apoptoz induksiyasi, mitoxondrial disfunksiya, sitokinlar orqali boshqariladigan yallig‘lanish reaksiyalari va fibrogenez jarayonlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Immunogistokimyoviy markerlarning (Caspase-3, Ki-67, CD4, CD8, CD68, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, MDA) strukturaviy-funksional o‘zgarishlarni batafsil baholash va dori-induktsiyali shikastlanishlarni erta tashxislashdagi roliga alohida e‘tibor qaratilgan.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
O‘pkaning sekretor hujayralarining gistokimyoviy o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari
Yuldasheva N.B., Xayitova M.N., Okbayev A.B. · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Quyonlar o‘pka to‘qimasining tug‘ilishdan keyingi ontogenez davrida sekretor hujayralardagi yangi morfofunksional xususiyatlarini aniqlash. Tadqiqot materiali sifatida 1 kunlik muddatdan 180 kunlik muddatgacha bo‘lgan quyonlarning o‘pka to‘qimasidan olingan namunalardan foydalanilgan. Tadqiqot davomida quyidagi gistologik usullar qo‘llanilgan: gematoksilin va eozin bilan bo‘yalgan, Van-Gizon usuli bilan bo‘yalgan, Futu usulida impregnatsiya qilingan. Yangi muzlatilgan kesmalar gistoximiyaviy tekshirish yordamida Gomori usulida ishqoriy fosfatazani o‘rganilgan. Aniqlanishicha, o‘pka atsinuslari hujayralaridan farqli ravishda sekretor hujayralar ishqoriy fosfatazaning eng yuqori faolligi bilan farqlanadi. Ko‘pgina kuzatish muddatlarida ularda ishqoriy fosfatazaning o‘rtacha faolligi aniqlansa-da, tug‘ilgandan keyin 7, 15 va 30 kunlarda ferment faolligining oshishi qayd etilgan. Ana shu muddatlarda sekretor hujayralardagi ishqoriy fosfataza faolligining oshishi o‘pka to‘qimasi atsinuslarining stromasidagi komponenti, uning argirofilligi va ayniqsa, elastik karkasining murakkab korrelyatsiyasi namoyon bo‘ladi.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Evaluation of a Chelex 100-based DNA extraction procedure for morphologically identified adult cyathostomins
Demkina Olga Vladimirovna, Kotelnikov Danil Dmitrievich · Application of molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases and modern aspects of their treatment and prevention · 2026
Siatostominlar (Nematoda: Strongylida: Cyathostominae) otlarning keng tarqalgan oshqozon-ichak nematodalari bo‘lib, taksonomik jihatdan xilma-xil guruhni tashkil etadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi morfologik jihatdan identifikatsiya qilingan alohida voyaga yetgan siatostominlardan DNK ajratib olishning Chelex 100 asosidagi moslashtirilgan usulini baholash hamda olingan DNK miqdori va spektrofotometrik ko‘rsatkichlarini aniqlashdan iborat bo‘ldi. O‘n bitta voyaga yetgan siatostomin morfologik jihatdan identifikatsiya qilindi va ularning har biriga alohida ishlov berildi. DNK konsentratsiyasi hamda A260/A280 va A260/A230 optik zichlik nisbatlari mikrohajmli spektrofotometriya usulida aniqlandi. Barcha 11 ta ekzemplyardan o‘lchash mumkin bo‘lgan miqdorda nuklein kislota olindi. DNK konsentratsiyasi 1,9–106,6 ng/mkl oralig‘ida bo‘lib, mediana 12,5 ng/mkl, o‘rtacha qiymat esa 29,9 ng/mkl bo‘ldi. A260/A280 nisbati 1,80–6,33 oralig‘ida o‘zgardi; mediana 1,97 bo‘lib, o‘n bitta ekstraktdan oltitasida bu ko‘rsatkich 1,80–2,00 oralig‘ida qayd etildi. Ekstraktlar qo‘shimcha ravishda PZR usulida tekshirildi. Tayyorlangan DNK namunalarida amplifikatsiya kuzatildi, bu esa amplifikatsiyaga yaroqli DNK matritsasi mavjudligini tasdiqladi. Chelex 100/proteinaza K usuli alohida ishlov berilgan, morfologik jihatdan identifikatsiya qilingan voyaga yetgan siatostominlardan kolonkada tozalash va organik erituvchilarni qo‘llamasdan, namunani ko‘chirish bosqichlari soni cheklangan holda DNK olish imkonini berdi. Ushbu metoddan alohida siatostominlarni morfologik identifikatsiya qilish va molekulyar-genetik tahlilni birlashtirgan tadqiqotlarda namunani tayyorlashning oddiy usuli sifatida foydalanish mumkin.
- Ochiq kirishKonferensiya maqolasi
Membranadagi ko‘chish va transport jarayonlarining xususiyatlari va ahamiyati
Raxmatov M., Mamatqulov N., Burxonov B.N. · Parazitar kasalliklar diagnostikasida molekulyar genetik usullarni qo‘llash, davolash va profilaktikasining zamonaviy jihatlari · 2026
Ushbu maqolada membrana, uning tuzilishi va funksiyasi, membranalarning tanlab o‘tkazuvchanligi, membranalarning transport mexanizmlari, ion nasoslarining faol tashishi va ishlashi, endositoz va ekzositoz, transport jarayonlarining fiziologik ahamiyati va hujayra gomeostazi to‘g‘risida umumiy tushunchalar keltirilgan.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
THE ARCHITECTURE OF LIMITATION: DOGMATIC AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS RESTRICTIONS UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPERATIVE
R. Kalesnykas, M. Kailius · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
The conflict between emergency public health measures and fundamental human rights poses a critical challenge to legal dogmatics and constitutional governance. Dynamic public health crises frequently trigger far-reaching state restrictions—such as restrictions on movement, compulsory medical measures, and digital surveillance—that risk transforming temporary emergency measures into permanent governance structures. This paper addresses the problematic blurring of formal derogations and ordinary limitation clauses, which may undermine rule-of-law standards and effective judicial oversight. Combining legal dogmatics with comparative analysis of international and regional human rights frameworks (ICCPR, ECHR, and ACHR) and relevant judicial practice, the study systematically examines the multi-tiered architecture governing limitations on human rights. Theoretically, it develops a refined normative model for assessing the principles of proportionality and necessity, with particular reference to the Siracusa Principles in the context of public health emergencies. The analysis identifies a pattern of initial judicial deference to executive authorities that may weaken ordinary constitutional safeguards. The principal outcome of the study is a standardised evidentiary framework designed to ensure strict temporal limits, continuous judicial review, and proportionality testing of legal measures adopted during public health emergencies. These findings may assist constitutional courts, international adjudicative bodies, and legislative drafters in aligning public health measures with binding human rights obligations while preserving democratic legitimacy.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
WTO SUBSIDY SPECIFICITY AND ARTICLE 6.2 OF THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
D. Shukurova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
This article examines whether the special treatment granted to development-oriented agricultural domestic support under Article 6.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture affects the application of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. It focuses on investment and agricultural input subsidies and asks how qualification under Article 6.2 interacts with specificity and the rules on prohibited and actionable subsidies. The study applies doctrinal treaty interpretation, analysis of WTO dispute-settlement reports and comparison of the eligibility requirements in Article 6.2 with the specificity rules in Article 2 of the SCM Agreement. The analysis shows that Article 6.2 exempts qualifying measures from domestic-support reduction commitments and excludes them from Current Total AMS, but does not confer general immunity from wider WTO subsidy disciplines. Qualification under Article 6.2 does not, by itself, establish specificity; the assessment depends on the programme‘s legal scope, eligible beneficiaries, relevant jurisdiction, eligibility criteria and operation in practice. The article further argues that the requirement that investment subsidies be “generally available to agriculture” should not automatically be understood as requiring exclusive availability to the agricultural sector. It also demonstrates that the expiry of Article 13 at the end of 2003 removed conditional protection against certain actionable-subsidy proceedings and countervailing action, while Article 13(b) did not extend to prohibited-subsidy claims. The principal practical risks arise from domestic-content conditions and countervailing investigations involving subsidised agricultural products. The findings are relevant to developing-country Members and acceding economies designing agricultural support programmes.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
FORENSIC ASPECTS OF THE SUBJECT OF PROOF IN FRAUD CRIMES COMMITTED USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
A. Nosirov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
The article analyzes the system of circumstances subject to proof and establishment in the investigation of fraud crimes committed using information technologies. The sharp increase in crime trends and specific forensic challenges arising in investigative practice clearly demonstrate the relevance of research in this area. The article aims to systemize the general circumstances set forth in Articles 82–83 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on forensic theoretical approaches of foreign experts, as well as international legal instruments (Budapest Convention, FATF Recommendations).The study substantiates the importance of digital identifiers, such as IP addresses, MAC addresses, and device IDs, in identifying the offender‘s identity, as well as the necessity of ensuring the integrity of digital evidence (digital traces). The article puts forward practical and theoretical recommendations on determining the modus operandi, instruments and means of the crime, as well as the conditions that enabled the commission of the offense. The discussion section addresses the problem of the lack of a distinct qualifying feature for this type of crime in the legislation of Uzbekistan. The paper argues that a comprehensive and interconnected identification of these circumstances is a key prerequisite for improving investigative efficiency, and proposes recommendations for enhancing the legislation.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL INVESTIGATIONS: A LEGAL AND FORENSIC ANALYSIS
B. Khamidov, V. Kozel · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
This article examines the significance and application of ethical principles in digital investigations. The rapid development of information technologies and the increasing reliance on digital evidence have created new ethical challenges relating to the collection, analysis, preservation, and use of digital information. Particular concerns include the protection of privacy and personal data, the accuracy and objectivity of information, and the safeguarding of individual rights throughout investigative processes. In Uzbekistan, the ongoing modernisation of investigative practices has been accompanied by the development of legal provisions concerning information security, personal data protection, and the ethical conduct of law-enforcement officials. However, the application of these provisions in digital environments continues to present practical and regulatory challenges. Drawing on international standards and selected foreign practices, the study examines ethical approaches to digital investigations and places particular emphasis on personal data protection. The analysis indicates that the existing codes of ethics applicable to Uzbek law-enforcement agencies and judicial authorities do not fully address the specific characteristics and risks of digital investigations. The article therefore argues for the development of specialised ethical standards governing the collection, preservation, verification, evaluation, and use of digital evidence. Such standards are essential for strengthening legality, transparency, accountability, and the protection of fundamental rights in digital investigations.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
SCIENTIFIC USE OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOSAFETY
O. Narzullaev, E. Abanina · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
This study examines current issues concerning the legal regulation of relations arising from the use of biological resources for scientific purposes and the provision of biosafety. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to ensure environmental sustainability, conserve biodiversity, and comply with safety requirements in the use of biological resources amid the rapid development of modern biotechnology and genetic research. The study aims to assess the legal mechanisms operating in this field, identify existing problems, and develop scientifically grounded proposals for their improvement. The research employs systemic analysis, comparative legal, formal legal, and logical methods. The findings reveal several legal issues concerning the scientific use of biological resources, biological risk assessment, state supervision, and mechanisms of legal liability. The study also develops proposals for strengthening legal safeguards for biosafety, improving monitoring and supervision systems, and enhancing sector-specific legislation. The findings may be applied to the improvement of legislation and law-enforcement practice and to the promotion of the sustainable use of biological resources. The study concludes that establishing effective legal mechanisms for ensuring biosafety is an essential prerequisite for the protection and rational use of biological resources.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
NEGOTIATING RETURN: RETURN MIGRATION AMONG HIGHLY QUALIFIED UZBEK MIGRANTS IN JAPAN
K. Rakhimberganov, U. Abdurakhmanov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
This article provides an overview of the decision-making process of highly qualified Uzbek migrants residing in Japan concerning their potential return to Uzbekistan. The study draws on data from four semi-structured interviews and an analysis of relevant legal and policy documents. The findings suggest that return decision-making is dynamic and changes over time. In particular, it depends on professional opportunities, family responsibilities, adaptation to life in Japan, and employment prospects in Uzbekistan. Successful careers in Japan do not necessarily prevent migrants from considering return and do not necessarily weaken their ties to the home country. The qualifications, work experience, and professional skills of highly qualified Uzbek migrants should be adequately recognized. The Government of Uzbekistan has taken several steps to support foreign-educated specialists and compatriots abroad. However, this article argues for a more coordinated reintegration system, including the recognition of foreign work experience, transparent employment opportunities, and stronger post-return support.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE PROBLEM OF LEGAL PERSONALITY IN CIVIL LAW RELATIONS
F. Abdikhakimov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
The article addresses the problem of determining the civil law status of artificial intelligence systems. The study analyses the four principal approaches developed in international legal doctrine on this issue: recognition of artificial intelligence as an object of civil law, the electronic agent model, the concept of limited legal personality (quasi-subject), and the idea of electronic personhood. The article reveals the normative origins of the electronic agent construction, its attributive function in contractual relations, and its limitations in the field of tort law; the quasi-subject model is assessed on the basis of the theory of divisible legal capacity and the criteria of legitimacy. It is further demonstrated that the concept of electronic personhood cannot be justified under the interest criterion, since it does not give rise to any new interest requiring protection but, on the contrary, creates the risk of establishing a liability shield. As a result of the study, the article examines the applicability of the institutions of representation, transactions, and torts under the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan to relations involving autonomous systems, and puts forward proposals for introducing a special regime for artificial intelligence while retaining its status as an object of law.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES AS A CIVIL LAW RELATIONSHIP
A. Abdurasulov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026
This scientific article is devoted to the contemporary problems of legal regulation of the transplantation of human organs and tissues as an object of civil law relationships. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of organs and tissues of the human body, their property law nature, and their degree of negotiability in civil circulation. Furthermore, during the research, the theory of somatic rights, the presumption of consent, contractual relations, and the principles of prohibiting commercialization were examined using the examples of international law and the experience of foreign countries. It is substantiated that human organs and tissues are not ordinary objects of property (commodities) but rather specific (sui generis) objects with restricted circulation. The experience of foreign countries and national legislation, in particular the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and special normative-legal acts in this field, were analyzed, and practical proposals were developed to eliminate existing legal gaps and ensure citizens‘ constitutional rights to the protection of life and health.