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  1. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Evaluation of the effectiveness of control measures against American and European foulbrood in honey bees

    M. RAXIMOV, S. BALIYEV, X. SAFAROV, K. AKRAMOV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Tadqiqotning maqsadi asalarilarda Amerika chirishi va Yevropa chirishining klinik-epizootologik xususiyatlarini baholash hamda ularga qarshi qo‘llaniladigan veterinariya-sanitariya va davolash tadbirlarining amaliy samaradorligini tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqotlar Veterinariya ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti sharoitida va turli asalarichilik xo‘jaliklarida olib borildi. Epizootik holat nosog‘lom va shartli sog‘lom asalari oilalarini klinik kuzatish, laboratoriya diagnostikasi va epizootologik monitoring asosida baholandi. Natijalar Amerika chirishida Paenibacillus larvae sporalarining tashqi muhitda uzoq saqlanishi infeksiya o‘chog‘ini bartaraf etishni murakkablashtirishini ko‘rsatdi. Yevropa chirishi, asosan, ochiq naslni zararlashi hamda oziqa tanqisligi va noqulay mikroiqlim sharoitlarida kuchayishi bilan tavsiflandi. Varroa destructor invaziyasi mavjud oilalarda kasalliklarning klinik kechishi og‘irlashgani kuzatildi. Kasallangan oilalarni dezinfeksiya qilingan uyalarga ko‘chirish, zararlangan mumkataklarni chiqarib tashlash, dezinfeksiya va ona arini almashtirish kabi zooveterinariya tadbirlari ijobiy natija berdi. Antibiotik vositalar klinik belgilarni kamaytirgan bo‘lsa-da, rezistentlik va asal mahsulotlarida qoldiq moddalar xavfi sababli ularni nazoratsiz qo‘llash maqsadga muvofiq emas. Sut zardobi asosidagi ishlovlar Yevropa chirishining dastlabki bosqichlarida istiqbolli yordamchi yondashuv sifatida qayd etildi. Kompleks bioxavfsizlik va veterinariya-sanitariya choralarini birgalikda qo‘llash kasalliklarni nazorat qilishning asosiy sharti sifatida baholandi.

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  2. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ENFORCING A FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARD ANNULED IN THE COURT OF ORIGIN: ANALYSING COMMISA V. PEMEX CASE AND CHROMALLOY AEROSERVICES V. ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

    M. Khosilova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article looks into the problems that come with enforcing foreign arbitral awards that have been set aside, especially in U.S. courts, and looks at how this affects the international dispute resolution system. The article focuses on how U.S. courts have dealt with cases such as PEMEX, a state-owned oil company, and COMMISA, a subsidiary of KBR, Inc., a U.S. construction company, and Chromalloy Aeroservices v. Arab Republic of Egypt. Enforcing awards that have been set aside is still a big topic of debate, and it gets criticized by both legal experts and professionals. Some courts respect the decisions made at the place where the arbitration happened and choose not to enforce annulled awards, showing respect for international cooperation. Others use the rules from the New York Convention to check the validity of the awards on their own and might still enforce them even if they were set aside. The study looks at how different places handle this issue, especially recent U.S. court rulings. It ends by saying these differences might hurt the main ideas of international arbitration, like fairness and efficiency.

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  3. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    GUARANTEEING PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS THROUGH THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF SANITARY TREE TREATMENT

    J. Odilov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article examines the challenges of ensuring the public‘s right to a healthy environment in the context of sanitary tree cutting. The study analyzes the ecological, legal, and social aspects of managing urban green spaces. It establishes that while the primary purpose of sanitary cutting is to maintain ecological balance by removing diseased, damaged, or hazardous trees, improper execution can lead to the loss of green cover, degraded air quality, and the infringement of environmental rights. Drawing on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international standards, and current scientific research, the article outlines the necessary procedures for compliant and sustainable management. The results suggest that strengthening environmental oversight, fostering public participation, and implementing integrated digital tools, such as the electronic ecological passport, are essential to addressing these issues. The article concludes with practical recommendations for improving regulatory practices in sanitary tree management to promote sustainable urban forestry development.

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  4. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    THE EUROPEAN UNION‘S REGIONAL APPROACH TO COMBATING ILLEGAL MIGRATION

    S. Kholmirzaeva · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article examines the European Union‘s regional approach to combating illegal migration in the context of increasing cross-border mobility, security challenges, and humanitarian concerns. The main objective of the study is to analyze how the European Union designs and implements cooperative mechanisms with its member states and neighboring regions in order to prevent, manage, and reduce irregular migration flows. The research applies qualitative and comparative legal methods, including the analysis of EU migration policies, international legal instruments, regional agreements, and institutional practices such as Frontex operations and cooperation with third countries. The article identifies several key problems, including the unequal distribution of responsibilities among EU member states, insufficient coordination with countries of origin and transit, persistent human rights risks for migrants, and the limited effectiveness of return and readmission mechanisms. These challenges undermine the overall capacity of the EU to respond to illegal migration in a coherent and sustainable manner. Based on the findings, the study proposes a set of legal and policy recommendations, such as strengthening regional cooperation frameworks, improving information exchange and border management systems, expanding legal migration channels, and ensuring stronger protection of migrants‘ rights. The results of this research contribute to a better understanding of EU migration governance and offer practical guidance for enhancing regional security and migration management.

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  5. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    PROSPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN COMBATING CYBERCRIME AGAINST CHILDREN

    F. Nurullaev · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article examines the organizational and legal mechanisms for strengthening international cooperation in combating cybercrimes committed against children. The research focuses on the interaction between Uzbekistan‘s national legal framework and international standards on children‘s rights, cybercrime, digital evidence and cross-border cooperation. The study applies normative-legal, comparative-legal, systematic and empirical methods. An expert-oriented survey of 47 respondents conducted through Google Forms in November 2025 is used to assess practical perceptions of existing legal gaps. The findings show that most respondents consider the current national framework insufficient for addressing cybercrimes against children, especially because of the lack of precise legal definitions, difficulties in collecting digital evidence, limited cooperation with foreign technology platforms and the absence of specialized procedural tools. The article argues that criminalization alone is not enough: Uzbekistan needs an integrated model combining substantive criminal law reform, a 24/7 contact point, faster preservation of electronic evidence, binding cooperation duties for technology companies and preventive measures in schools and families. The conclusions may be used in legislative drafting, law-enforcement practice and child protection policy.

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  6. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING THE HUMAN RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

    S. Rasbergenova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the system of universal international legal instruments designed to ensure the human right to a healthy environment. The study examines both foundational United Nations human rights documents that have received environmental interpretation through the practice of treaty bodies, and specialized multilateral environmental conventions. Particular attention is devoted to climate agreements, conventions on biodiversity, transboundary environmental impact, and hazardous substances. The article traces the evolution of approaches from the indirect protection of environmental rights through classical human rights norms towards the explicit recognition of the nexus between human rights and the environment in the 2015 Paris Agreement. The research encompasses the role of regional human rights courts in developing environmental jurisprudence, as well as mechanisms for implementing international obligations at the domestic level. A systematic approach to the application of diverse international instruments is emphasized as essential for achieving comprehensive protection of environmental rights. The study concludes that, despite the absence of a single universal treaty explicitly enshrining the right to a healthy environment, a multi-layered system of international agreements has emerged that ensures the holistic protection of this right through the integration of international environmental and human rights law norms. The findings contribute to the theoretical foundations of international environmental law and human rights scholarship.

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  7. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    CRYPTO-ACTIVES AS A NEW MEANS OF CORRUPTION CRIME: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY MECHANISMS

    D. Egamberdiev, D. Dubey · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article examines the use of digital financial assets, particularly cryptocurrencies, as new instruments for committing corruption-related crimes. The research aims to analyze the legal characterization of corruption offenses involving cryptocurrencies, evidentiary challenges, and the effectiveness of national and international criminal liability mechanisms. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that pseudonymous features of blockchain technology, decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, and privacy coins significantly complicate the identification of parties to corrupt transactions. The study employs comparative-legal, systemic-structural, formal-juridical, and statistical analysis methods. A comparative analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign countries was carried out. The results demonstrate that in many countries, the criminal-legal status of cryptocurrencies has not yet been fully defined, which complicates the qualification of corruption offenses. The research findings substantiate the need to improve national criminal legislation, expand blockchain forensics capabilities, and strengthen international cooperation mechanisms.

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  8. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL ISSUES OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN INVESTIGATING CYBERBULLYING CRIMES

    A. Tulanboeva · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article analyzes the scientific and theoretical aspects of electronic evidence in the investigation of cyberbullying crimes. It covers the concept of cyberbullying, its manifestations in the modern digital environment, and the role of electronic evidence in identifying and proving this type of crime. It also examines the specific characteristics of electronic evidence, problems that arise in the process of collecting, storing, and evaluating it. During the study, the main types of electronic evidence encountered in cyberbullying-related crimes are identified and their importance in the investigation process is justified. Practical problems that arise when working with electronic evidence are analyzed and the theoretical foundations for their elimination are highlighted. The results of this study serve to further understand the role and importance of electronic evidence in the effective investigation of cyberbullying crimes.

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  9. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR DIGITAL CORRUPTION: UZBEKISTAN IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

    F. Fazilov, B. Amanjolova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    Digital transformation has significantly altered state operations while simultaneously reshaping the landscape of corruption. New schemes, inherently tied to emerging technologies, are increasingly categorized as “digital corruption.” This paper examines how criminal liability for such acts is regulated across several jurisdictions, focusing on the United States, Germany, and Singapore. These international approaches are subsequently compared with the legislative framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan using a comparative legal methodology to identify both commonalities and regulatory gaps. The analysis encompasses legal definitions, enforcement mechanisms, and practical experiences regarding corruption linked to digital assets, e-government platforms, and cyber-related misconduct. A key finding is the efficacy of flexible legal language in leading jurisdictions; terms such as “anything of value,” “benefit,” or “gratification” provide the necessary breadth to encompass modern forms of bribery, including cryptocurrency transfers and intangible advantages. While Uzbekistan‘s Criminal Code remains robust, its reliance on the traditional formulation of “tangible valuables or pecuniary benefit” may be insufficiently broad to capture non-material digital advantages. Consequently, the paper concludes that Uzbekistan would benefit from updating its legal terminology to reflect international standards. Furthermore, the development of specialized expertise in digital evidence and the deepening of international cooperation are presented as essential requirements for the legal system to effectively mitigate contemporary corruption risks in the digital age.

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  10. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    THE IMPORTANCE OF CITIZENSHIP AND EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICANTS TO OBTAIN ADVOCATE STATUS

    A. Matmurotov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    In this article, the requirements of citizenship and educational qualifications for obtaining advocate status are examined and thoroughly analyzed on the basis of national legislation, the views of scholars, and the positive aspects of the legislation of foreign countries (USA, UK, Russian Federation, France, Japan, Georgia, Lithuania, Finland, Italy, Vietnam, China, Turkey, Germany, Sweden, South Korea, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Ukraine). The authors scientifically substantiate the need to optimize the requirement of holding citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan for obtaining advocate status, as well as to further clarify the educational qualification as a “basic higher legal education.” In addition, they argue that, by way of exception, the requirement of possessing “basic higher legal education” should be waived for individuals holding an academic degree. Furthermore, the authors have developed proposals and recommendations aimed not only at improving legislation, but also at further enriching the theory of advocacy. These findings contribute significantly to the ongoing legal discourse regarding professional standards and the modernization of the national legal system.

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  11. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION LAW IN THE TURKIC STATES OF AZERBAIJAN, TÜRKIYE AND UZBEKISTAN

    S. Masadikov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This research paper examines the international commercial arbitration legal frameworks in three jurisdictions: Azerbaijan, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan. These three Turkic States, positioned at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, have emerged as significant players in international trade and investment, necessitating robust arbitration systems to resolve cross-border commercial disputes. The study reveals that while all three jurisdictions have made substantial progress in developing their arbitration frameworks, they exhibit varying degrees of alignment with international standards. Türkiye has established the most sophisticated arbitration regime and developed institutional infrastructure through the Istanbul Arbitration Centre. Uzbekistan has demonstrated remarkable recent progress, particularly with its 2021 Law on International Commercial Arbitration and the establishment of the Tashkent International Arbitration Centre in 2018. Azerbaijan has also modernized its arbitration framework with the adoption of the 2023 Law on Arbitration and the establishment of the Baku Arbitration Centre in 2025. The findings indicate that all three countries are signatories to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958, demonstrating their commitment to international arbitration standards. However, enforcement mechanisms vary, with all three jurisdictions showing judicial support for arbitration and some issues such as public policy exceptions examined carefully. Recent reforms reflect a regional trend toward harmonization with international best practices, including legislative amendments to streamline enforcement procedures and strengthen institutional capacity. The paper concludes with recommendations for legislative reforms, institutional development and capacity building to position these jurisdictions as competitive arbitration venues in the Eurasian region.

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  12. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    CIVIL LAW STATUS OF A BONA FIDE POSSESSOR IN CIS COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

    N. Imomov, E. Juchniewicz, U. Makhmudkhodjayeva, B. Koryogdiev · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    Despite the considerable attention paid in civil law scholarship to the protection of ownership and other real rights, no sufficiently clear and systematic approach has yet been developed with regard to the legal regulation of relations involving bona fide possessors. As a result, significant difficulties remain in the protection and restoration of the subjective rights and legally protected interests of such persons. The problem becomes particularly acute where the legislator fails to provide an objective and workable definition of a ‘bona fide possessor,‘ thereby complicating the judicial resolution of disputes. The concept of a bona fide possessor is closely connected with the institution of vindication, because the relevant legal rules seek to maintain a balance between the interests of the owner and those of the bona fide acquirer. Under contemporary civil legislation, the owner is not entitled to recover property in every case, and the good faith of the acquirer therefore becomes decisive. This article examines the civil law status of the bona fide possessor through a comparative analysis of the legislation, doctrine, and judicial approaches of CIS countries and several related post-Soviet jurisdictions. It argues that comparative legal experience demonstrates different models of balancing transactional stability, trust in property circulation, and the protection of original ownership.

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    THE RIGHT TO ACCESS ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION: PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE AARHUS CONVENTION IN UZBEKISTAN

    D. Nodirbekova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article focuses on the legal regulation of access to environmental information in Uzbekistan after the country‘s accession to the Aarhus Convention. The research analyzes how the Convention‘s key requirements on environmental information, public participation, and access to justice can be reflected in national legislation and administrative practice. The topic is relevant because Uzbekistan now has an international obligation to improve the openness of environmental data, ensure meaningful public involvement in environmental decision-making, and provide effective remedies when these rights are violated. The purpose of the study is to identify the main gaps in the current legal framework and to propose practical directions for implementing Aarhus standards in Uzbekistan. The article is based on the analysis of international legal norms, national legislation, and recent scholarly approaches to environmental democracy. As a result, the article reveals that environmental information should be developed as an independent legal category, public authorities should disclose such information proactively, and judicial and administrative protection mechanisms should be strengthened. The results may be used in improving environmental legislation, open data policy, and public participation procedures. The article concludes that effective implementation of the Aarhus Convention requires transparent information databases, meaningful public hearings, and accessible justice mechanisms.

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    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL DRAFTING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UZBEKISTAN AND CHINA

    M. Sadikov, A. Younas · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article provides a comparative legal analysis of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in drafting legal documents in Uzbekistan and China. It explores the evolution of AI from a supplementary tool to a central component of digital justice. The study reviews legislative initiatives in both countries, such as Uzbekistan‘s ethical standards slated for 2026 and China‘s implementation of the “smart courts” system. Special emphasis is placed on AI‘s functional capabilities, including automated contract generation, the detection of corruption risks in legislative acts, and the examination of judicial precedents. The research highlights significant differences between the two nations‘ approaches, particularly in areas such as algorithmic liability and personal data protection. While China emphasizes the comprehensive integration of AI into public governance, Uzbekistan follows the “human-in-the-loop” principle, restricting the legal authority of algorithms. The paper concludes with a call to harmonize standards for algorithmic transparency in order to mitigate risks associated with AI “hallucinations.” The findings from this study aim to provide guidance for improving national legislation related to the digital transformation of the legal sector.

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  15. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    ГИГАНТСКАЯ ПАРАСАГИТТАЛЬНАЯ МЕНИНГИОМА ПРАВОЙ ЛОБНО-ТЕМЕННОЙ ОБЛАСТИ С ИНВАЗИЕЙ ФАЛЬКС-СИНУСНОГО УГЛА, ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИМИ ПРИСТУПАМИ, ЛЕВОСТОРОННИМ ГЕМИПАРЕЗОМ И ПРОГРЕССИРУЮЩИМ МАСС-ЭФФЕКТОМ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ

    Д. Равшанов · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Yuqori sagittal sinusning o‘rta uchligini qamrab olgan parasagittal meningiomalar funksional jihatdan muhim kortikal venalar, yirik venoz kollektorlar va bosh miyaning motor sohalariga yaqin joylashganligi sababli eng murakkab intrakranial o‘smalar qatoriga kiradi. Maqolada o‘ng peshona-tepa sohasida joylashgan, falks–sinus burchagiga invaziya qilgan, epileptik xurujlar, chap tomonlama gemiparez, perifokal shish va yaqqol masseffekt bilan kechuvchi gigant parasagittal meningiomaning klinik holati bayon etilgan. 31 yoshli bemorda progressiv bosh og‘rig‘i, bosh aylanishi, chap qo‘l-oyoqlarda paresteziyalar, emotsional labillik, uyqu buzilishi va takroriy epileptik xurujlar kuzatilgan. Dinamik magnit-rezonans tomografiya ma‘lumotlariga ko‘ra, o‘sma o‘lchamlari 2023 yildagi 60×55×48 mm dan 2026 yilga kelib 83×65×62 mm gacha kattalashgan. O‘sma bosh miyaning o‘rta tuzilmalarini chap tomonga 17,2 mm gacha siljitgan. Sindou–Alvernia klassifikatsiyasiga ko‘ra, yuqori sagittal sinusning zararlanishi II tipga mos kelgan. O‘smaning hujjatlashtirilgan progressiv o‘sishi, o‘choqli nevrologik defitsitning kuchayishi, epileptik sindrom, perifokal shish va yaqqol dislokatsion masseffekt jarrohlik davolash uchun asos sifatida baholangan. Operativ davolashni rejalashtirishda yuqori sagittal sinus o‘tkazuvchanligini va funksional ahamiyatga ega kortikal venoz oqimni saqlashga alohida e‘tibor qaratilgan. Ushbu klinik kuzatuv o‘sma hajmini dinamik baholash, klinik-radiologik korrelyatsiya va maksimal xavfsiz rezeksiya tamoyiliga asoslangan personallashtirilgan jarrohlik taktikasining muhimligini ko‘rsatadi.

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    ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННАЯ МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНАЯ МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ С ВКЛЮЧЕНИЕМ КОЛХИЦИНА В ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ РЕЦИДИВОВ СТЕНОКАРДИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПОСЛЕ ЧРЕСКОЖНОГО КОРОНАРНОГО ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВА

    И. Агабабян, Б. Курбанов · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Ushbu maqolada muvaffaqiyatli teri orqali koronar aralashuvdan keyin ham qaytalanuvchi stenokardiya muhim klinik muammo bo‘lib qolayotgani yoritilgan. Prospektiv randomizatsiyalangan nazoratli tadqiqotga muvaffaqiyatli koronar aralashuvdan o‘tgan 120 nafar bemor kiritildi. Bemorlar har biri 60 nafardan iborat ikki guruhga ajratildi. Asosiy guruh standart terapiyaga qo‘shimcha ravishda kuniga 0,5 mg dozada kolxitsin qabul qildi, nazorat guruhi esa faqat standart terapiya oldi. Kuzatuv muddati 12 oy davom etdi. Birlamchi yakuniy ko‘rsatkich stenokardiya qaytalanish chastotasi bo‘ldi. Ikkilamchi ko‘rsatkichlar LDL-xolesterinning maqsadli darajasiga erishish, yallig‘lanish markerlari (yuqori sezgir CRP, IL-6) dinamikasi, hayot sifati va katta noxush yurak-qon tomir hodisalari chastotasini qamrab oldi. 12 oy yakunida stenokardiya qaytalanishi asosiy guruhda 7 nafar (11,7%) bemorda, nazorat guruhida esa 17 nafar (28,3%) bemorda kuzatildi. Kolxitsin qo‘shilgan terapiya yallig‘lanishni kamaytirish, lipid ko‘rsatkichlarini yaxshilash va hayot sifatini oshirish bilan birga kechdi. Tadqiqot natijalari past dozali kolxitsinni standart davolashga qo‘shish ChKVdan keyingi bemorlarda stenokardiya qaytalanishini kamaytirishi va uzoq muddatli prognozni yaxshilashi mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi.

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    ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ АЛГОРИТМ ПРЕДОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ СТРАТИФИКАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ФАРМАКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОЙ ФОКАЛЬНОЙ ЭПИЛЕПСИЕЙ

    Б. Абдувойитов · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Farmakorezistent fokal epilepsiya zamonaviy epileptologiya va funksional neyroxirurgiyaning eng murakkab muammolaridan biri bo‘lib qolmoqda, chunki bemorni operatsiyadan oldingi baholashga kech yo‘naltirish nazorat qilinmaydigan xurujlar davrini uzaytiradi, hayot sifatini yomonlashtiradi va jarrohlik davolashning ijobiy natija berish ehtimolini kamaytirishi mumkin. Prospektiv bir markazli kuzatuv tadqiqoti o‘tkazilib, unga ixtisoslashtirilgan epileptologik va neyroxirurgik markazda tekshirilgan 86 nafar bemor kiritildi. Barcha bemorlarda xurujlarning klinik-semiologik tahlili, bosh miya MRT, rutin EEG, uzoq muddatli video-EEG monitoring, nevrologik va neyropsixologik baholash o‘tkazildi. Stratifikatsiya mezonlari sifatida MRT ma‘lumotlari bo‘yicha struktur o‘choq mavjudligi, xurujlarning lokalizatsiyalangan boshlanishi, semiologiyaning taxminiy epileptogen zonaga mosligi, lokal epileptiform faollik, MRT va EEG ma‘lumotlari konkordantligi, xurujlar chastotasi, ikkilamchi bilateral tonik-klonik generalizatsiya mavjudligi, progressiv kognitiv defitsit hamda taxminiy aralashuv zonasining funksional ahamiyati baholandi. Umumiy klinik-diagnostik baholash asosida bemorlar jarrohlik istiqboli past, o‘rta va yuqori guruhlarga ajratildi. Yuqori jarrohlik istiqboli 29 nafar bemorda, o‘rta darajadagi istiqbol 36 nafar bemorda, past istiqbol esa 21 nafar bemorda aniqlangan. Epileptogen zonani lokalizatsiya qilish imkoniyati bilan eng ko‘p bog‘liq bo‘lgan omillar MRT-pozitiv struktur o‘choq, video-EEG bo‘yicha lokal iktal yoki interiktal boshlanish, klinik semiologiyaning taxminiy anatomik zonaga mosligi hamda MRT/EEG konkordantligi bo‘ldi. Taklif etilgan algoritm bemorlarni standart kuzatuv, kengaytirilgan operatsiyadan oldingi tekshiruv yoki invaziv monitoringni muhokama qilish uchun birlamchi stratifikatsiya qilishning qulay modeli sifatida qo‘llanishi mumkin.

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    СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ПРИЧИНЫ ФАРМАКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОЙ ЭПИЛЕПСИИ И ИХ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ С КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ СЕМИОЛОГИЕЙ ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИСТУПОВ

    Б. Абдувойитов · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Farmakorezistent epilepsiya zamonaviy klinik nevrologiya, epileptologiya va funksional neyroxirurgiyaning eng murakkab muammolaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bunda kasallikning struktur shakllari alohida ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, epileptik xurujlar bosh miyada morfologik jihatdan aniqlanadigan zararlanish o‘chog‘i bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi. Retrospektiv klinikneyrovizualizatsion tadqiqot o‘tkazilib, unga struktur farmakorezistent epilepsiyaga ega 120 nafar bemor kiritildi. Barcha bemorlarda klinik-anamnestik tahlil, nevrologik tekshiruv, elektroensefalografiya va bosh miya magnit-rezonans tomografiyasi bajarildi. Eng ko‘p uchragan struktur sabablar mezial temporal skleroz, fokal kortikal displaziya, epilepsiya bilan assotsiatsiyalangan xavfsiz o‘smalar, posttravmatik glioz, kavernoz malformatsiyalar va postinsult o‘zgarishlar bo‘ldi. Mezial temporal skleroz ko‘proq ong buzilishi bilan kechuvchi fokal xurujlar va temporal auralar bilan, fokal kortikal displaziya kasallikning erta debyuti va xurujlar polimorfizmi bilan, posttravmatik hamda postinsult o‘zgarishlar esa yaqqolroq o‘choqli nevrologik defitsit bilan bog‘liqligi aniqlandi. Olingan ma‘lumotlar diagnostik va davolash taktikasini rejalashtirishda struktur substrat, klinik semiologiya va bemorning funksional holatini kompleks baholash zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.

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    C2 TISHSIMON O‘SIG‘I II-TIP SINIB-CHIQISHI VA ATLANTOAKSIAL NOSTABILLIK FONIDA RIVOJLANGAN KRANIOVERTEBRAL KOMPRESSION MIYELOPATIYA: KLINIK HOLAT

    D. Ravshanov · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Dolzarblik. Kraniovertebral o‘tish sohasi travmalari neyroxirurgiya amaliyotida yuqori xavfli patologiyalar qatoriga kiradi, chunki bu sohada orqa miyaning yuqori bo‘yin segmentlari, uzunchoq miya bilan funksional bog‘liq o‘tkazuvchi yo‘llar, vertebral arteriyalar va atlantoaksial stabilizatsiyani ta‘minlovchi murakkab ligamentar-suyak kompleks joylashgan. C2 tishsimon o‘sig‘ining Anderson–D‘Alonzo bo‘yicha II-tip sinishi bitish qobiliyatining pastligi, segmentar nostabillik va orqa miya kompressiyasi xavfi yuqoriligi bilan klinik jihatdan muhim hisoblanadi. Klinik holat. Bemor balandlikdan yiqilishdan keyin bo‘yin sohasida kuchli og‘riq, qo‘loyoqlarda harakat cheklanishi, ikki tomonlama braxiopleksalgiya, uyushish va umumiy holsizlik shikoyatlari bilan neyroxirurgiya bo‘limiga yotqizilgan. Nevrologik statusda tetraparez, Frankel shkalasi bo‘yicha C daraja, McCormick bo‘yicha 3-daraja, VAS bo‘yicha 8 ball og‘riq sindromi aniqlangan. Diagnostik tekshiruvlarda C2 tishsimon o‘sig‘ining patologik sinib-chiqishi, qisman osteoliz va siljish, C1 laterolistezi, C1–C2 segmenti nostabilligi, spinal kanal stenozi va orqa miya kompressiyasi aniqlangan. Bemorga C1–C2 orqali transpedikulyar fiksatsiya, reduksiya, stabilizatsiya va dekompressiya bajarilgan. Xulosa. Mazkur klinik holat kraniovertebral o‘tish sohasi travmalarida erta MSKT/MRT diagnostikasi, standart nevrologik baholash, segmentar barqarorlikni tiklash va orqa miya dekompressiyasining muhimligini ko‘rsatadi.

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    YOSH PARADZYUDOCHILARNING MASHG‘ULOTLARIDA MAXSUS JISMONIY SIFATLARNI RIVOJLANTIRISH USLUBIYATI

    T. To‘ychiyev · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Ushbu maqolada yosh paradzyudochilarning maxsus jismoniy sifatlarini rivojlantirishning zamonaviy uslubiy yondashuvlari, maxsus mashqlarni qo‘llash asosida mashg‘ulot jarayonini optimallashtirish masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda maxsus tezkorlik, kuch, chidamlilik va koordinatsion qobiliyatlarni rivojlantirishga yo‘naltirilgan metodika ishlab chiqilgan hamda uning samaradorligi tajriba-sinov ishlari asosida asoslangan

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