Maqola
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Maqola
2 404 natijaTartib: ko‘p iqtibos olganlari birinchiAvval ReLibrary iqtiboslari, keyin OpenAlex, keyin Crossref bo‘yicha — raqamlar qo‘shilmaydi; teng bo‘lsa, yangisi oldinda.Eng yangilarini birinchi ko‘rsatish
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
PROPERTY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (3D PRINTING): A SUI GENERIS PERSPECTIVE WITHIN CIVIL LAW
N. Shermatov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
The article examines the complex civil-law regulation of digital and physical objects created through additive manufacturing technologies. Drawing on comparative analysis of the Uzbek Civil Code, the Laws on Copyright, Patents, and E-Commerce, and strategic documents such as the Strategy “Uzbekistan – 2030” and Digital Uzbekistan–2030, the study identifies significant legal gaps in defining ownership, authorship, and liability concerning 3D-printed objects and their digital design files (CAD models). The article contrasts Uzbekistan‘s framework with the approaches of the EU, USA, China, Germany, France, and post-Soviet jurisdictions, emphasizing how most countries rely on adapting existing property and intellectual property doctrines rather than introducing a new regulatory regime. The analysis highlights unresolved doctrinal issues such as the dual nature of 3D-printed property (digital and material), uncertainty of rights transfer in digital environments, and insufficient enforcement mechanisms for online infringements. Finally, the author proposes sui generis reforms within Uzbekistan‘s civil law – clarifying digital goods ownership, expanding copyright scope to CAD files, introducing limited-use exceptions, and strengthening IP enforcement online – aligning national legislation with international best practice and the technological goals of Strategy 2030.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
THE ROLE AND POWERS OF LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE FIELD OF LOCAL BUDGET MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
A. Sayfiddinov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article examines the evolving role of local councils (Kengashes) in Uzbekistan‘s budget formation and execution processes within the framework of ongoing decentralization and public financial management reforms. Drawing on the Constitution, the Budget Code, and the Law “On Local State Authority,” it identifies the constitutional and legal foundations of council authority in fiscal governance. The study employs a qualitative legal-document analysis method combined with international assessments. Findings show that recent reforms have significantly enhanced transparency, citizen participation, and local fiscal oversight. The article highlights that while Uzbekistan‘s legal architecture provides robust powers for local councils in budget approval and monitoring, practical challenges remain in ensuring effective autonomy, data transparency, and fiscal discipline at subnational levels. Strengthening institutional capacity, ensuring consistent oversight by councils, and aligning with international governance standards are emphasized as prerequisites for sustainable fiscal decentralization. Overall, the research concludes that empowering local councils through legal and procedural reforms can transform them into key drivers of accountable, inclusive, and development-oriented local governance.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF JOURNALISTIC INVESTIGATION
S. Jahonov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of journalistic investigation, examining its theoretical foundations, developmental stages, and position within contemporary journalism. By synthesizing scholarly sources and practical examples, the study clarifies the essence, social functions, and distinct characteristics of the investigative branch. It further explores the legal framework and ethical principles governing information collection and dissemination, emphasizing the journalist‘s rights and obligations. Special attention is directed toward the role of investigative journalism in facilitating public oversight and strengthening the transparency and accountability of civil society institutions. The research scientifically substantiates the genre‘s potential for identifying societal problems, monitoring state bodies, combating corruption, and promoting social justice. Additionally, the study distinguishes between “journalistic investigation” and “journalistic inquiry,” comparing national and international scholarly perspectives on their objectives and scope. The article concludes by defining the significance of the investigative genre within modern journalism theory and the global information landscape.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
THE BRITISH NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICING MODEL: ADAPTATION POTENTIAL IN UZBEKISTAN
F. Khujamberdiyev · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article examines the institutional, legal, and practical aspects of the British neighbourhood policing model, as implemented in London, to assess its adaptability to Uzbekistan. Employing a methodological blend of comparative legal analysis, institutional theory, and empirical sociological methods, the study evaluates the model‘s core elements, drawing on UK legislation (e.g., National Security Act 2023), the City of London Police Strategy (2024–2025), and Office for National Statistics data. Key features include administrative clustering, Dedicated Ward Officers, Partnership and Prevention Hubs, Cluster Panel Meetings, and the Community Profile digital tool, underpinned by evidence-based policing, territorial accountability, transparency, and participatory governance. A sociological survey in Uzbekistan (n=300) highlights strong spatial identity, public willingness to collaborate with law enforcement, and demand for enhanced police visibility. The article proposes adapting the model through Uzbekistan‘s National Guard, introducing a Mahalla Community Profile, analytical hubs, and cluster-based community engagement. An adaptation algorithm is outlined, focusing on regulatory frameworks, personnel professionalization (aligned with ProQual Level 3), digital security management, and feedback mechanisms. The study‘s novelty lies in its strategic approach to localizing a foreign policing model, accounting for Uzbekistan‘s cultural, spatial, and institutional contexts. Its findings offer theoretical insights for policing reform and practical guidance for public safety policies in developing nations.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS AND DIRECT CONTRACTING PRACTICES IN ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL ANALYSIS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
M. Mirzaeva · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
The article analyzes practical issues in establishing effective governance and a healthy competitive environment in the development of road-transport infrastructure in Uzbekistan. It demonstrates that the merging of regulatory and operational functions, along with privileges granted to certain entities, leads to conflicts of interest and inequality. Specifically, the Road Committee serves as both customer and contractor, and government agencies are permitted to sign direct contracts with their affiliated organizations without tenders. The legislative framework is examined, and legal recommendations to improve competition are proposed. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of effective anti-corruption measures in the transport and road infrastructure sector. The study highlights corruption-related risks in this field and their negative impact on economic development and social stability. The research examines the current legal framework in Uzbekistan, focusing on ensuring transparency in tender processes, preventing conflicts of interest, and strengthening accountability mechanisms. In addition, international practices, including those of the World Bank, OECD, European countries, and the United States, are analyzed to explore the potential for adapting these experiences to national legislation. The paper emphasizes modern approaches to combating corruption, such as the introduction of digital technologies, the establishment of open data platforms, and the improvement of monitoring and liability systems. The findings aim to promote transparency and competition in the sector, enhance the efficiency of public spending, and improve the investment climate. This study is of significant theoretical and practical value and can serve as a scientific basis for improving the national anti-corruption strategy in the field of transport infrastructure.
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COMBATING CORRUPTION IN UZBEKISTAN: LEGAL REFORMS, INSTITUTIONAL PROGRESS, AND REMAINING CHALLENGES
M. Ahmadjonov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the development of anti-corruption policies in Uzbekistan. A significant shift occurred under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev‘s leadership, with the introduction of comprehensive reforms. These included the establishment of a dedicated Anti-Corruption Agency and numerous presidential decrees aimed at preventing corruption risks, enhancing public oversight, and ensuring merit-based public service appointments. In this context, the 2022 Development Strategy reinforced a strict zero-tolerance policy toward corruption, emphasizing institutional accountability. However, significant obstacles continue to impede progress to some extent. Over a four-year period, more than 9,500 corruption offenses were recorded, causing substantial financial damage. Corruption remains entrenched due to legislative gaps and inadequate enforcement. Furthermore, the author concludes that corruption should be understood as a deeply rooted socio-economic and ethical challenge. To prevent and eradicate corruption, integrated reforms, rigorous oversight, risk assessment, civic engagement, and adherence to ethical standards are essential.
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CLARIFYING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PROSECUTOR IN THE APPELLATE COURT
L. Sadriddinova · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article examines theoretical rules, concepts, and opinions on the general conditions for verifying the legality, validity, and fairness of judgments, rulings, and decisions, as reflected in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It explores the content and essence of amendments and additions to the procedures for filing a complaint (protest) against a judgment or ruling of the court of first instance, as well as the significance of these innovations in the theory and practice of criminal procedural law and their role in the activities of criminal justice. Additionally, an analysis of the prosecutor‘s role as a party in the court of appeal, as a higher instance, and their powers is presented. From the perspective of the new norms of criminal procedural legislation, this scientific work describes modern legal factors of appeals, which serve as mechanisms for reviewing court decisions in criminal cases, and the grounds for canceling or amending court decisions. To highlight the relevance of the topic, the author gives special attention to the opinions and views of procedural scholars in various educational and scientific literature on the science and field of criminal procedural law, the need to revise judicial documents in recent years, and an analysis of the powers and responsibilities of judges in judicial practice in this regard.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
CURRENT PRACTICE OF USING SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES INVOLVING CAUSING BODILY HARM
A. Ibadova · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article explores the use of specialized knowledge in investigating crimes involving bodily harm, highlighting its essential role in achieving just and effective outcomes. The study focuses on the application of forensic medical examination, criminalistic methods, and other specialized fields within the investigative framework. The topic‘s significance is driven by the high prevalence of bodily harm cases in crime statistics, with expert opinions playing a pivotal role in ensuring fairness and precision in investigations. The article aims to assess the effectiveness of specialized knowledge, pinpoint existing challenges, and propose ways to expand its application in investigative practice. The research employs a methodology that includes legal analysis, a thorough literature review, empirical observations from investigative practices, and insights from expert opinions. The findings provide practical and scientific insights to optimize law enforcement operations, enhance investigation quality, and strengthen the reliability of expert conclusions, contributing to a more equitable and robust criminal justice system.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
THE MANDATORY VIDEO RECORDING OF INTERROGATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN: PERSPECTIVES AND ADVANTAGES
M. Nodirov, K. Tursunmurodov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This paper describes the issue of video recording interrogations, providing a thorough analysis of the experiences of several foreign countries, including Japan, the US, Canada, and Poland, as well as the opinions of scholars in this field. The paper describes two main categories of advantages the video recording of interrogations offers, both of which contain detailed analysis of several factors that contribute to the establishment of mandatory video recording of interrogations in Uzbekistan. The first category includes benefits in ensuring human rights during interrogations, and the second category focuses on the compliance of interrogations with the norms and provisions of criminal procedural legislation. Although there may be potential disadvantages to the video recording of interrogations, the authors have put a strong emphasis on the advantages this innovation offers and provided specific examples for each advantage. The authors have also suggested adding new provisions and amending the existing ones regarding the mandatory recording of interrogations in the Criminal Procedure Code of Uzbekistan in line with the analysis of foreign countries‘ experiences in this field.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF LAND SERVITUDE IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION
Z. Abdusamadova · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article explores the legal foundations for the emergence of limited rights to use land plots and examines the historical development of servitudes within the Central Asian khanates. Servitudes were primarily formed through agreements between communities and were regulated by evolving and traditional governance systems. During the khanate period, the forms of servitudes, including rights of access to land and the use of natural resources, evolved to reflect the cultural and social needs of society. In the Soviet era, the monopolization of land and natural resources as state property halted the development of servitudes. However, by the late 20th century, following the collapse of Soviet rule, legislation and regulations related to servitudes were revised, paving the way for their integration into the modern legal framework. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the contemporary regulation of servitudes is being implemented through new provisions in the Land Code. This process serves as a crucial legal foundation for land and property management, introducing new forms of legal relationships and enhancing their economic and social significance. Servitudes play an important role in the country‘s economic development, particularly in the fields of agriculture and infrastructure. Proper and effective regulation of servitudes helps improve relations between landowners and other legal entities. Furthermore, efficient mechanisms are being developed to define the legal basis of servitudes and resolve related disputes.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
BIOTECHNOLOGY SUBJECTS: MULTI-LEVEL LEGAL CLASSIFICATION
S. Mamanazarov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This research examines the complex multi-level system of civil law relations subjects operating within the biotechnology sector. The study addresses the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of biotechnology legal frameworks, analyzing the intricate relationships between primary, secondary, and regulatory actors in the biotechnology ecosystem. The research methodology encompasses comparative legal analysis, institutional economics approaches, and multi-helix innovation models to understand the distinctive characteristics of biotechnology civil law relations. The investigation reveals that biotechnology sector subjects fundamentally differ from traditional civil law classifications, requiring specialized theoretical approaches due to their interdisciplinary nature and complex multi-layered structure. Results demonstrate that successful biotechnology systems depend on balanced regulatory frameworks, multi-sectoral cooperation, and continuous adaptability principles. The research scope extends to international experiences from the United States, the European Union, and Japan, providing insights for developing nations. Key findings indicate that digital transformation creates new subject categories, including AI-powered drug discovery companies and blockchain-based solutions, fundamentally altering traditional biotechnology ecosystems. The study concludes that future biotechnology subject systems will become increasingly complex, with emerging fields like synthetic biology, convergent technologies, and quantum biotechnology requiring new legal frameworks and ethical considerations.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
B. Narimanov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This scientific article provides a comprehensive constitutional and legal analysis of the organizational and legal forms of non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs). NGOs are considered as an important institution that enables citizens to express their interests, actively participate in social processes, and directly influence the system of public administration in modern society. Therefore, the issue of defining their legal status, organizational and legal forms, and mechanisms of activity on a constitutional basis is of particular relevance. The article first reveals the concept of NGOs and their legal characteristics. The constitutional right of citizens to freedom of association is examined, and the role of NGOs as one of the main forms of exercising this right is substantiated. Various organizational and legal forms defined in national legislation – public associations, foundations, institutions, unions, and other structures – are analyzed in terms of their legal status, procedures of establishment, mechanisms of activity, control, and state support. Furthermore, the experience of foreign countries is studied and compared with the practice of Uzbekistan. In this process, the constitutional and legal status of NGOs in democratic states, mechanisms of cooperation with the state, and their role in the development of civil society are comparatively analyzed.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
LEGAL PERSONHOOD FOR AI AND ROBOTS
N. Inoyatov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics into various sectors of society raises complex legal and ethical questions about their status within traditional legal frameworks. This study critically examines the concept of legal personhood for AI and robots by analyzing classical theories, pragmatic models, and emerging policy proposals. While traditional theories tie personhood to autonomy and moral agency, pragmatic approaches suggest that functional legal recognition may be necessary to address accountability gaps created by autonomous systems. The study advocates for establishing a new category of “electronic agents” endowed with limited rights and strict liabilities, designed to facilitate legal interactions without undermining human dignity or rights. Through doctrinal and comparative legal analysis, this research highlights the urgent need for international harmonization of AI regulations to prevent jurisdictional fragmentation. The findings support a cautious, balanced expansion of legal subjectivity that accommodates technological evolution while preserving core ethical principles. By proposing practical, ethically sound frameworks for AI legal integration, this study contributes to the broader discourse on the future of law in an AI-driven world.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
DISPUTES BETWEEN SHAREHOLDERS: WAYS TO RESOLVE THEM AND SOME PROBLEMS OF PROTECTING CORPORATE RIGHTS
M. Saidov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
Corporate relations based on mutual trust, honesty, and loyalty are the most important conditions for joint business. However, these alone are not sufficient to establish a joint venture. Over time, changes in the participants‘ views, external influences, and unforeseen risks common in entrepreneurial activity may lead to the termination of the joint business. In such cases, the participants of the company are often tasked with preventing conflicts as much as possible, resolving them peacefully, and minimizing losses. The constituent documents of the company, which outline the rights of the participants, the conditions and methods of their implementation, and their protection, typically serve as a guarantee of relations between the participants. Additionally, the legal framework regulating corporate relations in the place of the company‘s establishment contributes to the effective and stable development of corporate relations. This article examines in detail the issues of preventing and resolving disputes between shareholders of a limited liability company. A comparative analysis of foreign legislation and national legislative acts is conducted, with attention given to certain problematic situations related to regulating corporate relations. The author‘s personal position is expressed regarding methods for resolving disputes between participants, as well as opinions on addressing existing gaps in legislation.
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MODERN CYBERCORRUPTION: CONCEPT, PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF COUNTERACTION IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION
S. Gulyamov, I. Rustambekov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This study examines the phenomenon of cybercorruption–the use of digital technologies to carry out corrupt practices–in the context of the Central Asian region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the essence of cybercorruption, identify key manifestations of this phenomenon, and develop recommendations to counter this threat. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework for cybersecurity and anti-corruption, a comparative study of international experience, and the systematization of recommendations from international organizations. The results indicate the growing vulnerability of the region to cybercorruption due to the insufficient adaptation of legal systems to digital transformation, the limited capacity of law enforcement agencies, and inadequate regional coordination. The proposed recommendations include improving the legal framework, developing institutional mechanisms, and expanding regional cooperation to effectively prevent and suppress cybercorruption. The presented analysis is important for the formation of a comprehensive policy to ensure digital security and transparency in Central Asia.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING
D. Musaev · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
Illicit drug trafficking has acquired a global scale in recent decades, significantly impacting the socio-psychological atmosphere in society and negatively affecting the economy, politics, and law and order. The article is devoted to the search for political instruments to counter the international drug business. It highlights the leading role of the UN, interregional organizations, and international cooperation programs in the fight against drug trafficking. The article also examines the problem of the spread of drug addiction among some young people and the efforts to combat it, addressing the country‘s stance on this pressing issue. The experience of foreign countries in this area, along with the prevention and intervention measures aimed at reducing drug addiction in the population, are also discussed. It is concluded that addressing the drug problem is a common and shared responsibility of states, which requires effective and enhanced international cooperation, as well as an integrated, interdisciplinary, mutually reinforcing and balanced approach through supply and demand reduction strategies.
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN BIG DATA ANALYSIS: CONSENT AND CONTRACTS
S. Mamanazarov · TSUL Legal Report · 2025
This article examines the legal aspects of personal data processing conditions and contractual relations in the context of Big Data. The importance of consent in the placement and use of personal data on digital platforms and social networks, user agreements, and mechanisms for obtaining consent for personal data processing have been studied in detail. A comparative analysis of consent requirements established in international documents such as the GDPR, CCPA, PIPA, and the legislation of Uzbekistan has been conducted. Issues related to processing personal data based on legitimate interests in Big Data analysis, and balancing these interests with individual rights and freedoms have been investigated. Problems associated with data processing based on contractual obligations, the activities of data brokers, and the use of publicly posted data on social networks have also been studied. New innovative methods of data processing, particularly step-by-step consent, context-based consent, and automated consent systems, have been analyzed. The legal nature of user agreements on digital platforms as mixed contracts containing elements of license agreements and service agreements has been substantiated. Modern mechanisms for protecting data subjects‘ rights, including procedures for obtaining data subjects‘ consent in automated decision-making and profiling, have been proposed. Based on the research results, practical recommendations for improving national legislation have been developed, particularly proposing additions and amendments to the Law “On Personal Data.”
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ДАВЛАТ ФУҚАРОЛИК ХИЗМАТИ КАДРЛАРИ ФАОЛИЯТИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИЛИШИ
Yusubov Jamshid Qadamovich · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2024
Мақолада мамлакатимизда давлат фуқаролик хизмати соҳасида кадрлар тайёрлаш борасидаги янги тизимнинг ривожланиш жараёнлари тавсифланган
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
ARALASH SAYLOV TIZIMI-SIYOSIY PARTIYALAR FAOLLIGINI O‘ZIGA XOS DRAYVERI.
Bozorboyev Eldorbek · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2024
Ushbu maqolada aralash saylov tizimining siyosiy partiyalar faolligiga ta‘siri o‘rganiladi. Aralash saylov tizimi, bir vaqtning o‘zida bir necha saylov usullarini qo‘llagan holda, partiyalarning raqobatlashuvchanligini oshiradi va demokratik jarayonlarga yangi turtki beradi. Maqola, aralash saylov tizimining qanday qilib siyosiy partiyalarni faol ishtirok etishga undashini va ularning siyosiy platformalarini shakllantirishdagi rolini yoritadi. Shu bilan birga, aralash saylov tizimining ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy kontekstda qanday samaralar berishini ham ko‘rib chiqadi..
- Ochiq kirishMaqola
O‘ZBEKISTONDA YANGI SAYLOVNING TIZIMI YOSHLAR NIGOHIDA
Bozorboyev Eldorbek · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2024
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada O‘zbekistonda yangi saylov tizimi yoshlar nigohida tahlil qilinadi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi saylov tizimining yangilanishi, yoshlar uchun saylov jarayonlaridagi ishtirok etish imkoniyatlari va ularning siyosiy faolligini oshirish maqsadida qilingan choralar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Yozma ishda yoshlarning saylovlarga munosabati, ularning saylov huquqlaridan foydalanishdagi faoliyati va saylov jarayonlaridagi rolini o‘rganish orqali zamonaviy siyosiy madaniyatning shakllanishi ta‘kidlanadi. Shuningdek, maqola, yoshlarning saylov jarayonida ishtirokini rag‘batlantirish va ularni o‘z fikrlarini ifoda etish uchun qanday imkoniyatlar mavjudligini ko‘rsatadi.