CURRENT PRACTICE OF USING SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES INVOLVING CAUSING BODILY HARM

This article explores the use of specialized knowledge in investigating crimes involving bodily harm, highlighting its essential role in achieving just and effective outcomes. The study focuses on the application of forensic medical examination, criminalistic methods, and other specialized fields within the investigative framework. The topic‘s significance is driven by the high prevalence of bodily harm cases in crime statistics, with expert opinions playing a pivotal role in ensuring fairness and precision in investigations. The article aims to assess the effectiveness of specialized knowledge, pinpoint existing challenges, and propose ways to expand its application in investigative practice. The research employs a methodology that includes legal analysis, a thorough literature review, empirical observations from investigative practices, and insights from expert opinions. The findings provide practical and scientific insights to optimize law enforcement operations, enhance investigation quality, and strengthen the reliability of expert conclusions, contributing to a more equitable and robust criminal justice system.

TSUL LEGAL REPORT INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

JOURNAL DOI: 10.51788/tsul.lr. ISSUE DOI: 10.51788/tsul.lr.6.3. E-ISSN: 2181-1024

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 6 ISSUE 3 SEPTEMBER 2025

JOURNAL DOI: 10.51788/tsul.lr. ISSUE DOI: 10.51788/tsul.lr.6.3. «TSUL Legal Report» international electronic scientific journal was registered by the Press and Information Agency of Uzbekistan on April 21, 2020, with certificate number 1342.The journal is included in the list of journals of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovations of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Copyright belongs to Tashkent State University of Law. All rights reserved. Use, distribution and reproduction of materials of the journal are carried out with the permission of the founder. Publication Officer: Orifjon Choriev Editor: Elyor Mustafaev Graphic designer: Umid Sapaev Editorial office address: Tashkent, st. Sayilgoh, 35. Index 100047. Principal Contact Tel.: ([phone number hidden] Fax: ([phone number hidden] Website: legalreport.tsul.uz

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EDITOR–IN–CHIEF I.Rustambekov – Acting Rector of Tashkent State University of Law, Doctor of Law, Professor

B.Khodjaev – Deputy Rector for Scientific Affairs and Innovations of Tashkent State University of Law, Doctor of Law, Professor

Sh.Yusupova – Acting Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, TSUL, PhD in Philology

Rolf Knieper – Professor of Civil, Economic and Comparative Law, University of Bremen, Doctor of Law (Germany) Nikos Koutras – Kurtin Law School, PhD (Australia) Thomas Johann Hoeren – Professor of Information, Media and Business Law of the University of Münster (Germany)

Karim Zaouaq – Professor of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (Morocco) Zachary R. Calo – Hamad bin Khalifa University School of Law, PhD (Qatar) Roman Tashian – Associate Professor of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, PhD (Ukraine) Anisimov Aleksey Pavlovich – Volgograd Institute of Management – Professor of the branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doctor of Law (Russian Federation) Horace Yeung – Associate Professor of Leicester Law School, University of Leicester, (UK) Christopher Kelley – Associate Professor of Law School of Arkansas University (USA) Walid Ben Hamida – Professor of Law at Evry-Val d’Essone University (France) Natalia G. Prisekina – Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Law of the Far East Federal University, Candidate of Legal Sciences (Russia) Levan Jakeli – Dean of the Faculty of Law at Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Professor Yamamoto Kazushi – Professor of Faculty of Law of Kathmandu University D.Umarov – Associate Professor, Candidate of Legal Sciences B.Qosimov – Acting Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional Law of TSUL, PhD in Law

Kh.Radjapov – Associate Professor of the Department of Business Law of TSUL, PhD in Law A.Davronov – Teacher of the Department of Criminal-procedural Law, PhD in Law D.Egamberdiyeva – Employee of the Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research TIIAME National Research University

Volume 6, ISSUE 3 (2025) E-ISSN: 2181-1024

12.00.02 – CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. FINANCE AND CUSTOMS LAW

NARIMANOV BEKZOD ABDUVALIEVICH Organizational and legal forms of non-governmental non-profit organizations: constitutional and legal analysis............................................................................................4

12.00.03 – CIVIL LAW. BUSINESS LAW. FAMILY LAW. INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW

MAMANAZAROV SARDOR SHUKHRATOVICH Biotechnology subjects: multi-level legal classification ..................................................... 13

12.00.06 – THE LAW OF NATURAL RESOURCES. AGRARIAN LAW. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

ABDUSAMADOVA ZARINA SHOBIDDIN KIZI The history of the formation of land servitude in the Central Asian region ........................ 31

12.00.08 – CRIMINAL LAW. CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LAW

NODIROV MUZAFFAR AKHMADOVICH, TURSUNMURODOV KOMRON TURGUN UGLI The mandatory video recording of interrogations in Uzbekistan: perspectives and advantages ................................................................................................................. 38

12.00.09 – CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS. FORENSICS, INVESTIGATIVE LAW AND FORENSIC EXPERTISE

IBADOVA ANJELIKA ISMATULLOYEVNA Current practice of using specialized knowledge in the investigation of crimes involving causing bodily harm ........................................................................................... 54 SADRIDDINOVA LATOFAT HUSNIDDIN KIZI The importance of clarifying the functions of the prosecutor in the appellate court .......... 59

AHMADJONOV MURODULLO NURALI UGLI Combating corruption in Uzbekistan: legal reforms, institutional progress, and remaining challenges ................................................................................................ 70 MIRZAEVA MOHINA SROJIDDINOVA Conflict of interests and direct contracting practices in road transport infrastructure development: a legal analysis and policy recommendations ........................................... 76

12.00.14 – CRIME PREVENTION. ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY. PROBATION ACTIVITY

KHUJAMBERDIYEV FARRUKH KOMILOVICH The British neighbourhood policing model: adaptation potential in Uzbekistan ................ 85

E-ISSN: 2181-1024 Volume 6, ISSUE 3 (2025) TSUL Legal Report 3

12.00.09 – CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. CRIMINOLOGY, OPERATION SEARCH LAW AND FORENSIC EXAMINATION

TSUL LEGAL REPORT Journal home page: www.legalreport.tsul.uz

Received: 18.08.2025 Accepted: 10.09.2025 Published: 26.09.2025

CURRENT PRACTICE OF USING SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES INVOLVING CAUSING BODILY HARM Ibadova Anjelika Ismatulloyevna, Independent researcher at the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Inspector for extremely important cases at the Investigation Department under the Samarkand Regional Department of Internal Affairs, Lieutenant Colonel ORCID: 0009-0002-5340-3009 e-mail: anjelikaibadova@gmal.com

Abstract. This article explores the use of specialized knowledge in investigating crimes involving bodily harm, highlighting its essential role in achieving just and effective outcomes. The study focuses on the application of forensic medical examination, criminalistic methods, and other specialized fields within the investigative framework. The topic’s significance is driven by the high prevalence of bodily harm cases in crime statistics, with expert opinions playing a pivotal role in ensuring fairness and precision in investigations. The article aims to assess the effectiveness of specialized knowledge, pinpoint existing challenges, and propose ways to expand its application in investigative practice. The research employs a methodology that includes legal analysis, a thorough literature review, empirical observations from investigative practices, and insights from expert opinions. The findings provide practical and scientific insights to optimize law enforcement operations, enhance investigation quality, and strengthen the reliability of expert conclusions, contributing to a more equitable and robust criminal justice system. Keywords: bodily injury, criminal investigation, special knowledge, forensic medical examination, criminalistics, psychological examination, investigative practice, expert opinion, legal analysis, criminal procedural legislation

Introduction Crimes of bodily injury are one of the types of crimes that directly encroach on human health, and ensuring the reliability and validity of evidence in the process of

their investigation is of great importance. The use of special knowledge in this area is an urgent issue, since the conclusions of forensic medical examinations, criminalistic analyses, and other specialists in the field

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serve to increase the objectivity of the investigation [1].

Today, due to the growing number of crimes involving bodily injury and the risk of incorrect assessment of evidence during the investigation, this topic is important not only theoretically but also practically [2, 3]. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the legal foundations and practical significance of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes of bodily harm, to identify existing problems, and to develop proposals and recommendations that serve to improve the quality of the investigation. At the same time, the procedure for appointing an expert in the investigation of crimes, the procedural status of experts, and the significance of their conclusions in court decisions are also important issues that need to be addressed in the article.

The article also includes the main issues to be resolved, including improving cooperation between investigative bodies and specialists with special knowledge, eliminating problems encountered in the examination process, and introducing innovative methods in practice.

If we look at the research of other authors on this problem, Russian scientists A.V. Tokarev and U.R. Yakubov developed the theoretical foundations of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes; they paid attention to the importance of forensic medical examination and criminalistic diagnostics [4, 5]. Uzbek lawyers, in particular, J. Rikhsiboyev and Sh. Karimov emphasize the need to increase the evidentiary value of expert opinions in the investigation process and improve the cooperation of experts with investigative bodies [6, 7].

In foreign literature, including sources published in English, it is noted that the use of modern technologies, including biometric and digital forensic methods, in the process of forensic examination can increase efficiency [8]. Thus, the analysis of the literature shows that although the issue of using special knowledge in the investigation of bodily injuries has been widely studied in scientific circles, there are still a number of unresolved problems in practice, and this article aims to analyze them and provide practical suggestions.

Materials and methods This study studied the current state of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes of bodily harm and analyzed their effectiveness. During the study, criminal procedural legal documents and the current regulatory framework for forensic medical examination, as well as materials from individual investigative cases conducted on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, were analyzed. In addition, scientific articles, dissertations, and foreign literature on criminalistics and forensic medicine were studied comparatively [9].

As a methodological approach, legal analysis, comparative-analytical method, statistical observation, as well as the results of interviews with experts and investigators, were used. The objects of research were cases initiated on crimes of causing bodily harm, forensic medical examination documents assigned within them, and the practical activities of investigative bodies. Based on the information obtained, the strengths and weaknesses of the use of special knowledge in the investigation process were identified, and their effectiveness was analyzed.

Research results According to observations made in the criminal investigation practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, expert opinions on crimes involving bodily harm have shown a consistent growth trend over the years. In particular, the use of forensic medical examination, criminalistic examination, and psychological examination has increased the objectivity of the investigation [10].

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Table 1. The effectiveness of the use of specialized knowledge in the investigation of criminal cases involving bodily harm (2019–2023) Cases where Level of Number of forensic Cases where forensic confirmation Year examinations involved uncertainty was examination was of cases in in the investigation identified (%) used (%) court (%)

2019 120 45 2020 136 51 2021 142 54 2022 158 59 2023 167 63

The data in Table 1 demonstrate a steady positive dynamic in the use of specialized knowledge in the investigation of crimes involving bodily harm between 2019 and 2023. The number of forensic examinations increased from 120 in 2019 to 167 in 2023, which represents a growth of 39% over five years [11]. Similarly, the proportion of cases in which forensic examination was applied rose from 45% in 2019 to 63% in 2023, showing an increase of 18 percentage points [12]. The level of confirmation of investigative conclusions in court decisions also improved significantly: from 72% in 2019 to 89% in 2023, which is an increase of 17 percentage points (approximately 23.6% growth). At the same time, the share of cases where uncertainty was identified decreased markedly, from 18% in 2019 to only 8% in 2023, reflecting a reduction of more than half (55%) [13]. Analysis of the research results These dynamics clearly indicate that the expanded use of forensic medical and other expert examinations has led to greater objectivity in investigative practice and a higher rate of court-approved conclusions, while simultaneously reducing investigative errors and uncertainty. At the same time, some problems were also identified during the research process: - Shortage of experts, especially at the regional level;

- Delays in obtaining expertise results in some cases; - Weaknesses in cooperation between investigators and experts. These problems can lead to prolonged investigations and injustice in criminal cases. When comparing the practice of Uzbekistan with foreign experience, it can be seen that the effectiveness of the use of specialized knowledge is increasing. For example, in the United States, psychologists and IT specialists have been involved in forensic medical examinations since 2018 on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach [14, 15]. In this regard, the systematic introduction of criminological and psychological examinations in our country, along with forensic medical examinations, can further strengthen the results of the investigation. Conclusion The study confirm that the consistent use of specialized knowledge significantly improves the quality and efficiency of investigations into crimes of bodily harm. At the same time, the research identified several systemic problems that reduce effectiveness, such as the shortage of experts, particularly in regional areas, delays in obtaining expert conclusions and insufficient cooperation between investigators and specialists. These challenges hinder the full realization of

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the potential of specialized knowledge in investigative practice.

To overcome these problems and further improve the effectiveness of investigations, it is necessary to strengthen expert capacity through the training and distribution of forensic specialists across regions, as well as to improve cooperation between investigators and experts by introducing unified communication and procedural protocols.

Updating methodological manuals in line with international best practices and incorporating modern technologies, including biometric and digital forensic tools, will allow the investigative process to meet current scientific and practical demands. In addition, introducing electronic systems for assigning and monitoring expert examinations can reduce delays, while continuous professional development programs for both investigators and experts will enhance interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, strengthening applied scientific research in the field of forensic science and criminalistics is essential to adapt innovative methods to national investigative practice.

Thus, the study not only demonstrates the growing effectiveness of specialized knowledge in the investigation of bodily harm crimes but also emphasizes that its further development requires comprehensive reforms aimed at expert training, methodological renewal, efficient cooperation, and scientific innovation. Implementing these measures will ensure higher reliability of evidence, reduce investigative errors, and guarantee fairness and justice in criminal proceedings.