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  1. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    SCIENTIFIC USE OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOSAFETY

    O. Narzullaev, E. Abanina · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This study examines current issues concerning the legal regulation of relations arising from the use of biological resources for scientific purposes and the provision of biosafety. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to ensure environmental sustainability, conserve biodiversity, and comply with safety requirements in the use of biological resources amid the rapid development of modern biotechnology and genetic research. The study aims to assess the legal mechanisms operating in this field, identify existing problems, and develop scientifically grounded proposals for their improvement. The research employs systemic analysis, comparative legal, formal legal, and logical methods. The findings reveal several legal issues concerning the scientific use of biological resources, biological risk assessment, state supervision, and mechanisms of legal liability. The study also develops proposals for strengthening legal safeguards for biosafety, improving monitoring and supervision systems, and enhancing sector-specific legislation. The findings may be applied to the improvement of legislation and law-enforcement practice and to the promotion of the sustainable use of biological resources. The study concludes that establishing effective legal mechanisms for ensuring biosafety is an essential prerequisite for the protection and rational use of biological resources.

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  2. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    NEGOTIATING RETURN: RETURN MIGRATION AMONG HIGHLY QUALIFIED UZBEK MIGRANTS IN JAPAN

    K. Rakhimberganov, U. Abdurakhmanov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article provides an overview of the decision-making process of highly qualified Uzbek migrants residing in Japan concerning their potential return to Uzbekistan. The study draws on data from four semi-structured interviews and an analysis of relevant legal and policy documents. The findings suggest that return decision-making is dynamic and changes over time. In particular, it depends on professional opportunities, family responsibilities, adaptation to life in Japan, and employment prospects in Uzbekistan. Successful careers in Japan do not necessarily prevent migrants from considering return and do not necessarily weaken their ties to the home country. The qualifications, work experience, and professional skills of highly qualified Uzbek migrants should be adequately recognized. The Government of Uzbekistan has taken several steps to support foreign-educated specialists and compatriots abroad. However, this article argues for a more coordinated reintegration system, including the recognition of foreign work experience, transparent employment opportunities, and stronger post-return support.

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  3. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE PROBLEM OF LEGAL PERSONALITY IN CIVIL LAW RELATIONS

    F. Abdikhakimov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    The article addresses the problem of determining the civil law status of artificial intelligence systems. The study analyses the four principal approaches developed in international legal doctrine on this issue: recognition of artificial intelligence as an object of civil law, the electronic agent model, the concept of limited legal personality (quasi-subject), and the idea of electronic personhood. The article reveals the normative origins of the electronic agent construction, its attributive function in contractual relations, and its limitations in the field of tort law; the quasi-subject model is assessed on the basis of the theory of divisible legal capacity and the criteria of legitimacy. It is further demonstrated that the concept of electronic personhood cannot be justified under the interest criterion, since it does not give rise to any new interest requiring protection but, on the contrary, creates the risk of establishing a liability shield. As a result of the study, the article examines the applicability of the institutions of representation, transactions, and torts under the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan to relations involving autonomous systems, and puts forward proposals for introducing a special regime for artificial intelligence while retaining its status as an object of law.

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  4. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS AND TISSUES AS A CIVIL LAW RELATIONSHIP

    A. Abdurasulov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This scientific article is devoted to the contemporary problems of legal regulation of the transplantation of human organs and tissues as an object of civil law relationships. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of organs and tissues of the human body, their property law nature, and their degree of negotiability in civil circulation. Furthermore, during the research, the theory of somatic rights, the presumption of consent, contractual relations, and the principles of prohibiting commercialization were examined using the examples of international law and the experience of foreign countries. It is substantiated that human organs and tissues are not ordinary objects of property (commodities) but rather specific (sui generis) objects with restricted circulation. The experience of foreign countries and national legislation, in particular the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and special normative-legal acts in this field, were analyzed, and practical proposals were developed to eliminate existing legal gaps and ensure citizens‘ constitutional rights to the protection of life and health.

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  5. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    ISSUES IN IMPROVING THE MECHANISM FOR RESOLVING DISPUTES ARISING FROM PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS

    F. Samandarova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    Public procurement contracts create many disputes, and the way these disputes are resolved affects both the state budget and business confidence. This study examines four practical problems in the national mechanism and proposes targeted solutions drawn from foreign practice. The first problem is the absence of an automatic standstill period between the award decision and contract formation, which limits the procedural interval available before the contract becomes binding. The second problem concerns the effectiveness and enforceability of the existing review mechanism, although it provides for the suspension of the procurement procedure once a complaint has been accepted for consideration. The third problem is institutional. The involvement of electronic system operators in the review framework may raise concerns about the institutional independence of the complaint review mechanism. The fourth problem is that court proceedings are slow and the state duty is costly, while mediation and arbitration remain underused. The research uses comparative, formal legal, systemic, and statistical methods, and it compares the European Union, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Korea with the national framework. The conclusions propose a mandatory standstill period, improved effectiveness and monitoring of the review commission, clearer operator liability, and active promotion of mediation and arbitration.

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  6. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    DEFINING EDITORIAL CONTROL WITHOUT LIMITING JOURNALISTS‘ COPYRIGHT IN THE MASS MEDIA

    L. Ruzmurodova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    The editorial office and editors at mass media organizations work to ensure that journalistic works are accurately presented. Editing should carefully take into account authorship rights and factual accuracy. A journalistic work is the result of an institutional process in which the professional contribution of the reporter is combined with the editorial office‘s responsibility for factual accuracy, legality, style, and timely publication. The failure to make a principled distinction between these interests often results in treating ordinary editing, alteration of meaning, and secondary commercial use equally under the law. This article examines how copyright should be divided between journalists and media organizations, with a focus on proper attribution, anonymity, integrity, service works, freelance contributions, and digital republication. The research is based on doctrinal, comparative, functional, and case-law analysis of the legislation and judicial practice of Uzbekistan and the United States, with reference to international copyright standards. The study finds that neither complete author control nor complete editorial ownership is an appropriate model. It proposes a three-tiered allocation of rights and an editorial-purpose test that draws a line between permissible technical editing and changes requiring the author‘s consent. It also distinguishes between first publication and economically independent reuse in databases and other forms of use, such as paid archives, translations, syndication, and third-party platforms.

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  7. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    IMPROVING THE INSTITUTION OF APPEALS: TIME LIMITS, RESPONSE QUALITY, AND MONITORING

    L. Achilova, A. Rozmetova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    The subject of the study is the procedural regulation of appeals of individuals and legal entities in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The topic is relevant because the technological infrastructure for handling appeals is being modernized through a unified digital platform, whereas the substantive procedural rules have remained essentially unchanged since 2017, so that faster document flow does not by itself improve the outcome. The purpose is to identify the gaps in the current regulation and to justify specific legislative amendments. The work relies on comparative legal, formal legal and systemic structural methods and examines the legislation and practice of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Korea, Germany, and Singapore. Four interrelated gaps were established: uniform periods of consideration combined with evaluative grounds for their extension; the absence of normative criteria of a proper answer; the departmental and closed character of supervision; and the absence of a special procedural regime for appeals concerning medical services. On this basis a new wording of Article 28 and three new articles are justified. The results may be used in lawmaking, in the practice of state bodies and in further research. The proposals are designed to operate largely within existing institutional and digital infrastructure and are intended to minimize additional budgetary expenditure.

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  8. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF THE STATE REGARDING YOUTH

    A. Azimov · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the participation of non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs) in the implementation of the state‘s social function concerning youth. It examines the content, significance, and legal mechanisms of social partnership between the state and civil society institutions in implementing the social function of the state. The institutional development of state youth policy in Uzbekistan, including organizational transformations from the Kamolot Youth Social Movement to the Youth Union of Uzbekistan and the Youth Affairs Agency, is examined from the perspective of the development of this function. Based on an analysis of foreign experience and national legislation, the role of NGOs in ensuring the social rights of youth, representing their interests, exercising public oversight, and conducting social monitoring is substantiated. The article also proposes subjecting youth-related normative legal acts to public review, digitalizing the exchange of social data, and introducing the principle of “youth interests through the eyes of youth” to improve social partnership between the state and NGOs. This approach is argued to contribute to strengthening the active participation of youth in the implementation of the state‘s social function.

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  9. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS

    M. Shokirova-Inomjonova · TSUL Legal Report · 2026

    This article analyzes the role of the principle of social justice among the principles of law, its legal nature, its place in the modern legal system, and its main functions in a constitutional state. The subject of this study is the understanding of the normative content of the principle of social justice as a constitutional principle and a general legal idea, as well as its relationship with the concepts of equality, legal certainty, proportionality, human dignity, and the social state. The purpose of the research work is to substantiate that the principle of social justice should be applied not only as a moral and political idea, but also as a legal criterion in law enforcement practice and the law-making process. In the article, the relevance of the problem is determined by the need for social protection, socio-economic equality, and the importance of identifying real needs. Through the use of dialectical, comparative-legal, and functional methods in researching the topic, the distributive and procedural aspects of the principle of social justice were analyzed, and its legal model was developed. The normative significance of this principle is linked to constitutional norms, human rights, and the principle of proportionality. It should be noted that the proposed results can be used in the substantiation of judicial acts, in the expertise of draft laws, in the assessment of real social policy and in the processes of legal education.

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  10. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Aylanma mashg‘ulot usuli asosida 10–12 yoshli stol tennischilarning jismoniy sifatlarini rivojlantirish samaradorligi

    M. ILYOSOVA · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Maqolada 10–12 yoshli stol tennischilarning boshlang‘ich tayyorgarlik davrida tezkorlik, chaqqonlik va egiluvchanlik sifatlarini aylanma mashg‘ulot usuli asosida rivojlantirish samaradorligi tajribaviy asoslangan. Tadqiqotda Farg‘ona, Namangan va Andijon viloyatlari sport maktablarining 150 nafar yosh stol tennischisi tajriba (TG) va nazorat (NG) guruhlariga ajratilib ishtirok etdi. Tajriba guruhida yuklamasi uch bosqichda oshirib borilgan, uch kunlik aylanma mashqlar majmuasiga asoslangan dastur qo‘llanildi. Tajriba yakunida TG da natijalarning o‘rtacha o‘sishi 10, 11 va 12 yoshlilarda mos ravishda 16,77%, 17,98% va 19,05% ni, NG da esa 9,06%, 9,14% va 10,41% ni tashkil etdi (TG da P<0,01–0,001). Olingan natijalar aylanma mashg‘ulot usuli yosh stol tennischilarning jismoniy sifatlarini an‘anaviy mashg‘ulotga nisbatan qariyb ikki baravar samaraliroq rivojlantirishini ko‘rsatadi.

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  12. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Asalarilar invazion kasalliklarida kimyoviy va fitopreparatlarning qiyosiy samaradorligi hamda davolash-profilaktika tadbirlarining ilmiy asoslangan optimal sxemasi

    F. IBRAGIMOV, X. YUNUSOV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Ushbu maqolada asalarilarning varroatoz va trapilelapsoz kasalliklariga qarshi kimyoviy preparatlar - Bipin-T va Flutsin hamda kavrak (Ferula assa-foetida) damlamasining terapevtik samaradorligi qiyosiy baholandi. Varroa destructor va Tropilaelaps kanalari sonining o‘zgarishi asosida preparatlarning akaritsid faolligi, ta‘sir xususiyatlari va davolash-profilaktika tadbirlarida qo‘llash imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan. Kimyoviy akaritsidlar va fitopreparatning afzalliklari hamda cheklovlarini hisobga olgan holda, asalarilar invazion kasalliklariga qarshi kurashishning ilmiy asoslangan kompleks davolash-profilaktika sxemasi haqida ma‘lumotlar keltirilgan.

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  13. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Alphitobius diaperinus – zararkunanda qora qo‘ng‘izlarning epizootologik ahamiyati va ularga qarshi kurashishning zamonaviy usullari (parrandachilik fabrikasi misolida)

    N. AXMADALIYEV, M. XUSHNAZAROVA, A. XUSHNAZAROV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Maqolada parrandachilik xo‘jaliklarida keng tarqalgan zararkunanda — kichik qora qo‘ng‘iz (Alphitobius diaperinus) populyatsiyasining zichligi, uning bio-morfologik xususiyatlari hamda parrandachilik korxonalariga keltiradigan iqtisodiy-strukturaviy zararlari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, hasharotning parrandalar o‘rtasida xavfli infeksiyalar (Salmonella, E. coli, viruslar) tarqalishidagi epizootologik roli o‘rganilgan. Zararkunanda populyatsiyasini zamonaviy tuzoqlar (Arends, feromonli va kartonli) yordamida monitoring qilish hamda unga qarshi kimyoviy kurashda sintetik piretroid — sipermetrin moddasini texnologik tanaffus davrida purkash usuli bilan qo‘llashning yuqori samaradorligi (92-96%) asoslab berilgan.

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  14. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Varroatoz va trapilelapsozga qarshi qo‘llanilgan fitopreparatlarning terapevtik va profilaktik samaradorligi

    F. IBRAGIMOV, X. YUNUSOV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Ushbu maqolada asalarilarning varroatoz va trapilelapsoz kasalliklariga qarshi fitopreparatlarning terapevtik-profilaktik samaradorligi, dorivor o‘simliklar va efir moylarining akaritsid faolligi hamda asalari oilalari uchun xavfsizligi tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, mahalliy fitopreparatlarni qo‘llash istiqbollari, optimal konsentratsiyalarni tanlash va ularni invazion kasalliklarga qarshi integratsiyalashgan kurash tizimiga joriy etish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan.

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  15. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Hayvonlar brusellyozi. Dunyoda mavjud epizootik holat, tarqalishi va nazorat choralari

    D. BAXRIDDINOV, A. ULUG‘MURADOV, A. SAIDOV, M. RUZIMURODOV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Mazkur maqolada hayvonlar brusellyozining dunyo bo‘ylab tarqalish darajasi, turlar, ayniqsa qoramollarda kasallikning kechishi, klinik belgilari, zamonaviy diagnostikasi va qarshi kurash chora-tadbirlariga alohida e‘tibor qaratilgan. Bundan tashqari maqolada Jahon hayvonlar salomatligi tashkiloti (JHST-WOAH) ma‘lumotlari asosida qit‘alarda, jumladan Yaqin Sharq, O‘rtaer dengizi mamlakatlari, Sahroi Kabirdan janubdagi Afrika, Xitoy, Hindiston, Peru va Meksika, Markaziy va Janubi-G‘arbiy Osiyo mamlakatlaridagi epizootik vaziyat tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, maqolada so‘nggi ilmiy tadqiqotlar brusellyozning haqiqiy tarqalish darajasini aniqlashda diagnostika va epizootologik monitoringda jiddiy kamchiliklar mavjudligi sababidan kasallikka qarshi kurashda «Yagona salomatlik» (One Health) yondashuvi, muntazam serologik tekshiruvlar, laboratoriya tasdig‘i, vaksinatsiya, bioxavfsizlik va kasal hayvonlarni aniqlashga asoslangan kompleks chora-tadbirlar muhim ahamiyat kasb etishi to‘g‘risida ma‘lumotlar keltirilgan.

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  16. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari gelmintozlariga qarshi kurashishning zamonaviy strategiyalari

    K. AKRAMOV, T. JUMOBOYEV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlarining gelmintozlari chorvachilikda hayvonlar salomatligi va farovonligiga salbiy ta‘sir ko‘rsatish, mahsuldorlikni pasaytirish hamda veterinariya xarajatlarini oshirish orqali katta iqtisodiy ahamiyat kasb etadi. Gelmintozlarga qarshi uzoq yillar davomida asosan muntazam va guruhli degelmintizatsiyaga tayangan nazorat tizimlari qo‘llanib kelgan. Biroq antgelmintik preparatlarning tez-tez, diagnostik tekshiruvlarsiz va epizootik vaziyat yetarli hisobga olinmasdan qo‘llanilishi gelmintlarda antgelmintik rezistentlikning shakllanishi va tarqalishiga olib kelmoqda. Mazkur sharh maqolasida qoramol, qo‘y va echkilarda uchraydigan asosiy gelmintozlarga qarshi kurashishning zamonaviy strategiyalarini tizimli ravishda tahlil qilish hamda O‘zbekiston sharoitida integratsiyalashgan nazorat modelini taklif etishdan iborat. Ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlilida nematodalar, trematodalar va sestodalarni nazorat qilish; antgelmintik preparatlardan oqilona foydalanish; antgelmintik rezistentlik; tezak namunasidagi tuxumlar sonini aniqlash; yaylovlarni boshqarish; biologik nazorat; hayvonlarning genetik rezistentligi va zamonaviy diagnostik yondashuvlar haqida ma‘lumotlar aks ettirilgan.

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  17. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Современные методы лечения и профилактики аргулёза у карповых рыб

    Н. СУЛАЙМАНОВА, Ш. БАЛИЕВ, Н. БАБАМУРАТОВА · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Maqolada karpsimon baliqlarning Argulus avlodiga mansub qisqichbaqasimonlar qo‘zg‘atadigan xavfli ektoparazitar kasalligi — argulyozning etiologiyasi, epizootologiyasi va unga qarshi kurashning zamonaviy usullari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Parazitning hayot sikli, uning xo‘jayin organizmiga patogen ta‘sir mexanizmlari hamda akvakultura sharoitida invaziyaning ommaviy tarqalishiga yordam beruvchi omillar bayon etilgan. Kasallikning mavsumiy dinamikasi va suv havzalari gidrokimyoviy rejimining invaziya intensivligiga ta‘siri tahliliga alohida e‘tibor qaratilgan. Ishda zamonaviy kimyoviy preparatlarni qo‘llash, parazitlar sonini nazorat qilishning biologik usullari va qo‘zg‘atuvchining hayot siklini uzishga qaratilgan baliqchilik-melioratsiya tadbirlarini o‘z ichiga olgan kompleks davolash-profilaktika choralari keltirilgan.

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  18. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    O‘zbekistonning turli geografik-iqlim mintaqalarida qo‘ylar moniyeziozining tarqalishi va mavsumiy o‘zgarishlari

    X. SAFAROV, S. DJABBAROV, K. AKRAMOV, B. ULUQOV, Z. YUSUPOVA · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Ushbu tadqiqot O‘zbekistonning turli geografik-iqlim sharoitlarida qo‘ylar moniyeziozining tarqalish darajasi va mavsumiy o‘zgarishlarini aniqlashga qaratildi. 2021-2023-yillarda Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi hamda Andijon, Buxoro, Jizzax, Qashqadaryo, Navoiy, Namangan, Samarqand, Sirdaryo, Surxondaryo, Toshkent, Farg‘ona va Xorazm viloyatlarida jami 2465 bosh qo‘y parazitologik tekshiruvdan o‘tkazildi. Tekshiruvlarda Fyulleborn flotatsion, ketma-ket yuvish-sedimentatsion va Berman-Orlovning takomillashtirilgan larvoskopik usullaridan foydalanildi. Tekshirilgan hayvonlarning 123 boshida moniyezioz aniqlanib, zararlanish darajasi 4,99% ni tashkil etdi. Geografik-iqlim mintaqalari bo‘yicha ko‘rsatkich tog‘oldi-tog‘ hududlarida 6,89%, sug‘oriladigan hududlarda 4,44% va cho‘l-yaylov hududlarida 3,44% bo‘ldi. Mavsumlar kesimida moniyeziozning eng yuqori ko‘rsatkichi yozda 35,8%, undan keyin bahorda 28,4%, kuzda 23,6% va qishda 12,2% qayd etildi. Mahalliy albendazol asosidagi Alsus preparati bilan o‘tkazilgan alohida sinovda moniyeziozga qarshi ekstensiv samaradorlik 77,5% ni tashkil qilgan. Olingan natijalar moniyeziozning tarqalishi hudud va mavsumga qarab sezilarli darajada o‘zgarishini ko‘rsatib, parazitga qarshi tadbirlarni epidemiologik vaziyatga mos rejalashtirish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.

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  19. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Karp baliqlarida yuqumsiz branxionekrozining patomorfologik o‘zgarishlari, etiopatogenezi va veterinariya-sanitariya choralari

    X. YULDASHEV, N. SULAYMANOVA, S. IKROMOVA · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Ushbu ilmiy maqolada karp baliqlari (Cyprinus carpio) akvakulturasida ko‘p uchraydigan va jiddiy iqtisodiy zarar keltiradigan yuqumsiz jabra nekrozi (branchionecrosis) kasalligining kelib chiqish sabablari, to‘qimaviy patogenezi hamda organ darajasidagi patomorfologik o‘zgarishlari adabiyotlar tahlili asosida o‘rganilgan. Sun‘iy havzalardagi gidrokimyoviy muvozanatning buzilishi, erkin ammoniy hamda vodorod ko‘rsatkichi (pH) ko‘tarilishining jabra respirator epiteliysiga ko‘rsatadigan salbiy ta‘siri tahlil qilingan. Patogistologik tahlillar yordamida jabra lamellalarida sodir bo‘ladigan proliferativ giperplaziya, epiteliy shishi kabi patologik jarayonlarning tizimli morfogenezi yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada havza ekotizimini o‘rganish hamda baliq to‘qimalarini tiklashga qaratilgan kompleks veterinariya-sanitariya choralari ilmiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan.

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  20. Ochiq kirishMaqola

    Sur rangli qo‘ylarni turli variantlarda juftlashdan olingan avlodlarda teri qalinligi ko‘rsatkichlarining shakllanishi

    B. MAMATOV · Research Focus International Scientific Journal · 2026

    Maqolada sur rangli qorako‘l qo‘ylarini turli rangbaranglik (kumushsimon, olmos, tillasimon) guruhlari bo‘yicha variantli juftlashdan olingan avlodlarning teri qalinligi ko‘rsatkichlari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, ota-onalik shakllarini tanlab juftlash avlodlarning teri qoplamining yupqa, qalinlashgan va qalin guruhlarga taqsimlanishiga differensial ta‘sir ko‘rsatishi aniqlangan. Xususan, olmos rangbarangligiga mansub qo‘chqor va sovliqlarni o‘zaro gomogen juftlash variantida eng yuqori yupqa terilik ko‘rsatkichi (75,0%) qayd etilganligi statistik tahlillar yordamida isbotlangan.

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