MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WORDS IN ENGLISH AND TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES

Ushbu maqola ingliz tilida so‘z yasalishining muhimusullaridan biri bo‘lgan derivatsiyani o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan.Derivatsiya mavjud so‘zlarga affikslar qo‘shish yoki morfologiko‘zgarishlar orqali yangi leksik birliklarni hosil qilish imkonini beradi.Tadqiqotda asosiy so‘z va undan hosil bo‘lgan so‘zlar o‘rtasidagibog‘liqlikni, ya‘ni so‘z oilasi tushunchasini tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek,derivatsiya jarayonida yuz beradigan strukturaviy va semantiko‘zgarishlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Natijada derivatsiya lug‘at boyliginikengaytirish va til kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynashiko‘rsatiladi.

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WORDS IN ENGLISH AND TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES

Axmadqulov Yaxyo Ali o'g'li Namangan Davlat Pedagogika Instituti Xorijiy tillar kafedrasi Xorijiy til va adabiyoti yonalishi (XTA-BU-22) E-mail: yahyobekaxmadqulov@gmail.com Tel:[phone number hidden] Shahnoza Usmonova Luqmonjon qizi Namangan Davlat Pedagogika Instituti Xorijiy tillar kafedrasi Xorijiy til va adabiyoti yonalishi (XTA-BU-22) E-mail:usmonovabarchinoy04@gmail.com Tel:[phone number hidden]

Abstract: This article examines derivation as a key process of word-formation in English. Derivation creates new lexical items from existing words through affixation and other morphological changes. The study analyzes the relationship between a base word and its derivatives, known as a word family. It also considers the structural and semantic

changes that occur in derivational processes. The analysis shows that derivation plays an important role in expanding vocabulary and developing linguistic competence. Keywords: Derivation, word-formation, base form, affixation, morphology, lexical relations, word family, English linguistics. Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola ingliz tilida so‘z yasalishining muhim usullaridan biri bo‘lgan derivatsiyani o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Derivatsiya mavjud so‘zlarga affikslar qo‘shish yoki morfologik o‘zgarishlar orqali yangi leksik birliklarni hosil qilish imkonini beradi. Tadqiqotda asosiy so‘z va undan hosil bo‘lgan so‘zlar o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni, ya’ni so‘z oilasi tushunchasini tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek, derivatsiya jarayonida yuz beradigan strukturaviy va semantik o‘zgarishlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Natijada derivatsiya lug‘at boyligini kengaytirish va til kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda muhim rol o‘ynashi ko‘rsatiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: derivatsiya, so‘z yasalishi, asosiy shakl, affiksatsiya, morfologiya, leksik munosabatlar, so‘z oilasi, ingliz tilshunosligi. Аннотация: Данная статья посвящена изучению деривации как одного из основных способов словообразования в английском языке. Деривация позволяет образовывать новые слова на основе существующих при помощи аффиксов и морфологических изменений. В работе рассматривается связь между базовым словом и его производными, образующими «семейство слов». Особое внимание уделяется структурным и семантическим изменениям в процессе деривации. Анализ показывает, что деривация способствует расширению словарного запаса и развитию языковой компетенции. Ключевые слова: деривация, словообразование, базовая форма, аффиксация, морфология, лексические отношения, семейство слов, английское языкознание.

Within modern linguistic studies, word-formation is considered a significant branch of morphology. Among the different mechanisms that create new words, derivation is one of the most productive. It refers to the formation of new lexical items from an existing base by attaching prefixes, suffixes, or by applying other morphological processes. The newly produced words remain semantically and structurally connected with the original base, forming a group often referred to as a word family. The idea of “a word and its relatives” emphasizes that vocabulary elements are not isolated units but parts of a broader lexical network. A single base word can generate a variety of related forms that may differ in grammatical category, meaning, or stylistic function. For example, the base word act forms related words such as action, active, activity, and

activate. These derivatives illustrate how morphological processes expand the expressive capacity of the language. In most cases, derivation occurs through affixation, which involves attaching prefixes or suffixes to a root or base. Prefixes typically modify the meaning of a word while preserving its grammatical category, whereas suffixes frequently cause both semantic change and a shift in word class. For instance, when the suffix -ness is added to the adjective happy, the noun happiness is formed, demonstrating a transition from an adjective to a noun. Derivation also contributes to the creation of new lexical meanings. Derived words can express notions such as negation, repetition, quality, or occupation. For example, the prefix un- in unfair indicates negation, while the suffix -er in teacher denotes a person who performs a particular action. The link between a base word and its derivatives forms a system of lexical relations known as a word family. These families illustrate how vocabulary items are organized around a common root and connected through shared morphological patterns. Such relationships reveal the internal structure of the lexicon and assist language learners in recognizing patterns and predicting meanings. For example, the word family derived from create includes creation, creative, creator, and recreate. Although each word has its own specific meaning, they all retain the central semantic component of the base word. This demonstrates the productivity and adaptability of derivational processes in English. Derivation plays a significant role in the growth of the English vocabulary. As new ideas, technologies, and social concepts appear, languages often rely on existing morphological resources to generate appropriate terms. Through derivational mechanisms, speakers can easily produce new lexical items while maintaining links with familiar vocabulary. Moreover, understanding derivational patterns enhances linguistic competence. Familiarity with common affixes and their meanings allows learners to analyze unknown words more effectively, improve comprehension skills, and broaden their vocabulary. Derivation represents a key process in word-formation that establishes connections between a base word and its related forms. By means of affixation and other morphological operations, derivation contributes to the expansion and enrichment of the English lexicon. The notion of “a word and its relatives” demonstrates that words function within interconnected networks rather than as isolated elements. Therefore, the study of derivational morphology is essential for understanding vocabulary structure, linguistic creativity, and the development of language proficiency.