TILSHUNOSLIKDA PRAGMALINGVISTIKANING O‘RNI VA RIVOJLANISHI

Ushbu tezisda pragmalingvistikaning ahamiyatini hamda uning tilshunoslikningalohida tarmog‘i sifatida shakllanish jarayonini ko‘rsatiladi. Ishda pragmalingvistika faniningrivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shgan olimlar faoliyati, uning kommunikativ tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni va tilhodisalarini insonning nutqiy xatti-harakatlari bilan bog‘liq holda tahlil etishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan.

TILSHUNOSLIKDA PRAGMALINGVISTIKANING O`RNI VA RIVOJLANISHI

Sabirova Bernara Umarjanovna, Urganch davlat Universiteti Email: sabirovabernara89@gmail.com

Annotatsiya. Ushbu tezisda pragmalingvistikaning ahamiyatini hamda uning tilshunoslikning alohida tarmog‘i sifatida shakllanish jarayonini ko`rsatiladi. Ishda pragmalingvistika fanining rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shgan olimlar faoliyati, uning kommunikativ tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni va til hodisalarini insonning nutqiy xatti-harakatlari bilan bog‘liq holda tahlil etishdagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: kommunikativ tilshunoslik, kommunikativ funksiya, ilmiy intizom, lingvistik hodisalar, nutqiy xulq-atvor.

THE ROLE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRAGMALINGUISTICS IN LANGUAGE

Sabirova Bernara Umarjanovna Urgench state University Email: bernarasabirova89@gmail.com

Abstract. The thesis looks into the importance of pragmalinguistics and it was developed as a branch of linguistics, scholars who worked on it Key words. Communicative linguistics, communicative function, scientific discipline, linguistic phenomena, verbal behavior.

РОЛЬ И РАЗВИТИЕ ПРАГМАЛИНГВИСТИКИ В ЯЗЫКЕ

Сабирова Бернара Умаржановна, Ургенчский государственный университет Email: bernarasabirova89@gmail.com

Аннотация. В данной тезисной работе раскрывается значение прагмалингвистики и процесс её формирования как самостоятельной отрасли лингвистической науки. В исследовании освещается вклад учёных, внесших значительный вклад в развитие прагмалингвистики, её место в системе коммуникативной лингвистики, а также значение анализа языковых явлений в связи с речевым поведением человека. Ключевые слова: коммуникативная лингвистика, коммуникативная функция, научная дисциплина, лингвистические явления, речевое поведение.

Introduction. One of the new and relevant stages in linguistics is the phase of Linguopragmatics or Pragmalinguistics, which is distinguished by a communicative approach to language. This means that language is regarded as a means of communication, and its communicative function is recognized as its primary function. Communicative linguistics studies language as a speech activity in use, focusing on language behavior across different languages. The role and development of pragmalinguistics in linguistics can be illustrated by highlighting key linguists from various language communities, including Uzbek linguists specializing in the study of the Uzbek language. [1] Introduction. Language is a social wealth; it facilitates communication among members of society and accumulates knowledge about all events and phenomena occurring in the material and spiritual life of

humans, keeping individuals informed. Language, in this sense, is formed and exists over centuries. It is important to note that the science which directly studies, analyzes, and classifies language is Linguistics. Linguistics emerged as a distinct and independent scientific discipline in the first quarter of the 19th century (in 1816). Undoubtedly, linguistics, like many other disciplines, has developed its own distinct object of study and methods of investigation as a result of research, experiments, inquiries, ideas, and observations. It can be firmly stated that the science of linguistics has undergone a long historical process of development and growth before reaching its current stage. Throughout its evolution, linguistics has been influenced by various schools, movements, and doctrines; it has witnessed conflicting views expressed by scholars regarding linguistic phenomena and has produced a vast body of literature on language phenomena. Nevertheless, linguistics has established a unique and stable position within the system of world sciences. At the same time, when studying linguistics, it is customary to divide it into various stages and branches. One of the new and pressing stages rich in contemporary issues is Linguopragmatics or Pragmalinguistics, which is distinguished by its communicative approach to language. This approach regards language primarily as a means of communication, recognizing its communicative function as the central function. Communicative linguistics studies languages as speech activity in use, examining language behavior in different languages. Communication is a complex process that involves the planned exchange of information between communication participants through the use of language. Linguistics has undergone extensive preparation to enrich empirical analysis with other ideas and practices of knowledge. This preparation and research were not in vain, as the late twentieth century marked a distinctive new phase and developmental stage in the progress of linguistics. During this period, approaches to linguistic analysis based on methodologies that incorporate philosophical ideas such as empiricism, phenomenology, and constructivism emerged. One such approach is pragmalinguistics. Undoubtedly, pragmalinguistics has passed through its “formative” stage, having largely defined its object of study which is the system of speech communication, and its methods of analysis. The fundamental methodological concept underpinning pragmatic analysis is activity theory. However, pragmalinguistics is still in its “adolescent” phase. This phase is characterized by ambitious future-oriented plans and a willingness to address unresolved issues. Indeed, the field of pragmatics, striving for maturity, must continue its inquiries into how language functions in service of individuals and society. Such investigations demand the enrichment of this linguistic subfield with new theoretical ideas. [1; 6-7] If we analyze this stage, the term “pragmatics” originates from the Greek word meaning “practice” or “action.” Pragmatics, or pragmalinguistics, is a branch of linguistics that studies how language is used in practice. The ideas of this field stem from the works of the American scholars Charles Peirce and Charles Morris, who were the founders of semiotics — the science of signs and sign systems. It was Charles Morris who distinguished between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics within the study of signs [2]. The central concept of linguistic pragmatics and the fundamental unit of analysis in the theory of speech acts whose foundations were laid by J. L. Austin is the speech act itself. The issues of speech acts and speech formation are also addressed in the linguistic theories of W. von Humboldt, C. Bally, S. Karcevsky, L. P. Yakubinskiy, K. Bühler, É. Benveniste, M. M. Bakhtin, and others. In these frameworks, a speech act is understood as a means by which an individual achieves a particular goal, or as a goal-oriented verbal action performed in accordance with the principles and norms of verbal behavior accepted within a given society. The pragmatic stage of linguistics is characterized by various approaches and perspectives related to the following issues: the linguistic personality in the process of communication; the functional and contextual quality of language; the appropriateness and effectiveness of communication; the interpretive aspect of oral interaction; and language as a means of human activity. Sh. Safarov, summarizing the definitions given to pragmalinguistics, classifies the main ideas of researchers in this field as follows: the key point in describing communicative activity is the concept of activity itself; language serves as a means that activates the interaction between participants of communication; linguistic activity is a phenomenon directly related to the communicative environment. It is well known that the communicative environment mainly reveals its full potential and characteristics in the text.

Accordingly, the study of the pragmatic features of linguistic units requires an in-depth investigation of text linguistics. Indeed, the speaker’s purpose in conveying information and the listener’s way of perceiving that information can be more clearly understood within the text. Nowadays, the study of text has intensified even further due to the growing attention toward the field of pragmalinguistics. In general, pragmalinguistics is not confined to English or Uzbek alone, but underlies all the languages of the world, manifesting itself in the process of interpersonal communication. In other words, regardless of which language is analyzed, it becomes evident that pragmalinguistics plays a crucial role in the process of linguistic analysis.