CULTURAL CONTEXTS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC EXPRESSIONS

Uning dissertatsiyasi madaniy kontekstlarning tilda antropomorfik ifodalarning shakllanishi va talqinini qanday shakllantirishini o‘rganadi. Unda antropomorfizm nafaqat stilistik vosita, balki inson tafakkurini aks ettiruvchi kognitiv va madaniy model sifatida ham faoliyat yuritishi ta‘kidlanadi. Ingliz va o‘zbek tillarining qiyosiy tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, ikkalasi ham tabiat, din, his-tuyg‘ular va qadriyatlarni insoniylashtirsa-da, ularning ma‘nolari milliy madaniyatga qarab farq qiladi - o‘zbek tili axloqiy va ma‘naviy jihatlarga urg‘u beradi, ingliz tili esa estetik va individual jihatlarga e‘tibor qaratadi. Texnologiya va reklama sohasidagi zamonaviy qo‘llanilish ham muhokama qilinadi.

CULTURAL CONTEXTS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC EXPRESSIONS

Kholmatova Guyokhon Dilshodjon kizi Master level student of UzWLU Email: goyoxonxolmatova@gmail.com

Abstract: This thesis explores how cultural contexts shape the formation and interpretation of anthropomorphic expressions in language. It argues that anthropomorphism functions not only as a stylistic device but also as a cognitive and cultural model reflecting human thought. Comparative analysis of English and Uzbek languages reveals that while both humanize nature, religion, emotions, and values, their meanings differ according to national culture – Uzbek emphasizing moral and spiritual aspects, and English focusing on aesthetic and individual ones. Modern usage in technology and advertising is also discussed. Key words: anthropomorphism, cultural context, symbol, cognitive linguistics, metaphor, national thinking, anthropocentrism, semantics

MADANIY KONTEKSTLAR VA ANTROPOMORFIK IFODALARNING TALQINI

Xolmatova Go‘yoxon Dilshodjon qizi goyoxonxolmatova@gmail.com O‘zDJTU magistrature talabasi

Annotatsiya: Ushbu dissertatsiya madaniy kontekstlarning tilda antropomorfik ifodalarning shakllanishi va talqinini qanday shakllantirishini o'rganadi. Unda antropomorfizm nafaqat stilistik vosita, balki inson tafakkurini aks ettiruvchi kognitiv va madaniy model sifatida ham faoliyat yuritishi ta'kidlangan. Ingliz va o'zbek tillarining qiyosiy tahlili shuni ko'rsatadiki, ikkalasi ham tabiat, din, his-tuyg'ular va qadriyatlarni insonparvarlashtirsa-da, ularning ma'nolari milliy madaniyatga qarab farq qiladi - o'zbek tili axloqiy va ma'naviy jihatlarga urg'u beradi, ingliz tili esa estetik va individual jihatlarga e'tibor qaratadi. Texnologiya va reklama sohasidagi zamonaviy qo'llanilishi ham muhokama qilinadi. Kalit so'zlar: antropomorfizm, madaniy kontekst, ramz, kognitiv tilshunoslik, metafora, milliy tafakkur, antropotsentrizm, semantika

КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ КОНТЕКСТЫ И ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ АНТРОПОМОРФНЫХ ВЫРАЖЕНИЙ

Холматова Гуёхон Дилшоджон кизи goyoxonxolmatova@gmail.com Студент магистратуры УзГУМЯ

Аннотация: В данной диссертации исследуется, как культурный контекст формирует формирование и интерпретацию антропоморфных выражений в языке. Утверждается, что антропоморфизм функционирует не только как стилистический приём, но и как когнитивная и культурная модель, отражающая человеческое мышление. Сравнительный анализ английского и узбекского языков показывает, что, хотя оба языка очеловечивают природу, религию, эмоции и ценности, их значения различаются в зависимости от национальной культуры: узбекский язык подчёркивает моральные и духовные аспекты, а английский – эстетические и индивидуальные. Также рассматривается современное использование антропоморфизма в технологиях и рекламе. Ключевые слова: антропоморфизм, культурный контекст, символ, когнитивная лингвистика, метафора, национальное мышление, антропоцентризм, семантика

Language and culture are closely interconnected social and cognitive phenomena. The language of each people reflects its historical memory, worldview and way of thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to study language not only as a means of communication, but also as a symbolic system that embodies the spiritual and cultural experience of the people (Nurmonov, 2005). Through language, society transmits its cultural heritage, values and historical consciousness from generation to generation. In this process, symbols, metaphors, phraseological units and anthropomorphic expressions in the language reflect the most ancient layers of human thinking. Anthropomorphism means the transfer of human qualities, feelings or actions to animals, objects, natural phenomena or divine beings (Guthrie, 1993). This phenomenon is a natural product of human thinking and arises from the fact that a person relies on his own experience and feelings in the process of perceiving the world around him. It arises from the human desire to make nature and abstract concepts more understandable by humanizing them. This process has continued from ancient mythologies to modern art and technology (Kövecses, 2010). Cultural context is an important factor in interpreting anthropomorphic expressions in language, as it reveals the connection between language and thought (Vahobova, 2012). For example, in the Uzbek language, such expressions as “Ona zamin”, “Ona tabiat”, “Ona Vatan” interpret nature as a caring, selfless and loving being. In these expressions, the image of “mother” becomes not only a biological, but also a spiritual symbol, expressing the values of loyalty, selflessness and kindness in the national mentality. In English, there are similar anthropomorphic expressions such as “Mother Nature” and “Father Time”, which serve to express nature and time through human qualities. Religious context is also an important source of anthropomorphism. For example, in English, expressions such as “God sees everything”, “The Lord is my shepherd” describe God with human feelings, while in Uzbek there are expressions such as “Alloh rahmli”, “Tangri hukm qildi”. In this case, through religious anthropomorphism, a person understands the divinity through his own experience. While English expressions are more biblical and based on personal faith, expressions in Uzbek reflect collectivism and unity of faith. Anthropomorphism is also widely used in folklore and literature. In Uzbek folk tales (“The Fox and the Crane”, “The Wolf and the Goat’s Children”), animals are depicted with human behavior, through which the people express their moral values in a symbolic form. In English literature, this phenomenon continues from Aesop’s fables to Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945), in which animals represent political and moral problems in human society. In this way, anthropomorphism is used as a didactic and critical tool in both cultures. In the modern context, anthropomorphism is actively used in new areas - advertising, technology and media language. For example, expressions such as “The computer does not want to work”, “The machine has become capricious” show that humans perceive technology in a human form. In English, expressions such as “My phone knows me”, “The car doesn’t want to start” are based on the same semantic mechanism. These anthropomorphic expressions serve to create an emotional connection between humans and technology, increase trust, and humanize communication. Cultural context is reflected in the formation of anthropomorphic meanings through symbols. For example, in Uzbek, “lion” symbolizes courage, “horse” symbolizes loyalty, and “fox” symbolizes cunning, while in English, “owl” symbolizes wisdom, “fox” symbolizes cunning, and “dove” symbolizes peace (Kövecses, 2010). These differences arise from the historical development, beliefs, and social values of cultures. In general, the cultural context and anthropomorphism in their interaction reveal the symbolic, emotional and social dimensions of human thought. Each people express the world around them in its own language in accordance with its own experience - this allows the perpetuation of the national spirit, values and history through language. Therefore, the analysis of anthropomorphic expressions remains an effective way to understand the commonality and diversity of human thought.