Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari ektoparazitlarining faunasi

Maqolada keyingi yillarda qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida keng tarqalgan ektoparazit turlarining faunasini aniqlash maqsadida Respublikamizning turli chorvachlik xo‘jaliklariga va aholiga qarashli bo‘lgan jami 7014 bosh qoramol, 39594 bosh qo‘y, 7385 bosh echki, 72 bosh ot, 2 bosh it va boshqa hayvonlar ustida parazitologik tadqiqot ishlari olib borilgan va ulardan topilgan endo- va ektoparazitlar terib olinib, ularning morfologiyasi, turlari, jinsi, sistematikasi o‘rganilgan va 8 turga mansub qishloq xo‘jalik va laboratoriya hayvonlari orasida 36 turga mansub ekto- va endoparazitlar aniqlanganligi hamda dominant turlar va ular keltirib chiqaradigan araxnoentomoz kasalliklar haqidagi ma‘lumotlar keltirilgan.

Vol. 5, Issue 8, 2026 ISSN 2181-3833 | Uzbekistan https://refocus.uz/

R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E • PEER-REVIEWED • OPEN ACCESS • HAC/OAK 16.00.00 — VETERINARY SCIENCES • UDC: 619:576.895.75:614.449.57

Fauna of ectoparasites of farm animals Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari ektoparazitlarining faunasi Фауна эктопаразитов сельскохозяйственных животных Faxriddin Sayfiddinovich PULOTOV1 Scientific-Research Institute of Veterinary, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

ARTICLE TYPE Research Article LANGUAGE OF FULL TEXT O‘zbekcha (UZ)

☑ SCIENTIFIC FIELD / OAK 16.00.00 – Veterinary Sciences Veterinariya fanlari HAC Presidium decision No. 371/5, 13.06.2025 UDC / UDK 619:576.895.75:614.449.57

ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 2026-08-04 Revised: 2026-08-14 Accepted: 2026-08-19 Published: 2026-08-31

DOI https://doi.org/10.66073/ReFocus.V5I8.0816

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence.

AUTHOR, TITLE AND ABSTRACT METADATA (EN / UZ / RU)

ENGLISH Faxriddin Sayfiddinovich PULOTOV1 Scientific-Research Institute of Veterinary, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Abstract. The article addresses the control of ectoparasites in goats, The article presents parasitological research on a total of 7,014 cattle, 39,594 sheep, 7,385 goats, 72 horses, 2 dogs and other animals belonging to various livestock farms and the population of our Republic in order to determine the fauna of ectoparasite species widespread among agricultural animals in recent ears. The endo- and ectoparasites found in them were collected, their morphology, species, genus, and systematics were studied, and 36 species of ecto- and endoparasites were identified among agricultural and laboratory animals belonging to 8 species, as well as information on the dominant species and the arachnoentomotic diseases they cause. Keywords: arachnosis; bovicoliasis; dominant; ectoparasite; endoparasite; entomosis; fauna; stationary; mite; route; hyalommosis

O‘ZBEKCHA PULOTOV Faxriddin Sayfiddinovich1 Veterinariya ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti, Samarqand, O‘zbekiston

Annotatsiya. Maqolada keyingi yillarda qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida keng tarqalgan ektoparazit turlarining faunasini aniqlash maqsadida Respublikamizning turli chorvachlik xoʻjaliklariga va aholiga qarashli boʻlgan jami 7014 bosh qoramol, 39594 bosh qo‘y, 7385 bosh echki, 72 bosh ot, 2 bosh it va boshqa hayvonlar ustida parazitologik tadqiqot ishlari olib borilgan va ulardan topilgan endo- va ektoparazitlar terib olinib, ularning morfologiyasi, turlari, jinsi, sistematikasi o‘rganilgan va 8 turga mansub qishloq xo‘jalik va laboratoriya hayvonlari orasida 36 turga mansub ekto- va endoparazitlar aniqlanganligi hamda dominant turlar va ular keltirib chiqaradigan araxnoentomoz kasalliklar haqidagi ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: araxnoz; bovikolyoz; dominant; ektoparazit; endoparazit; entomoz; fauna; statsionar; kana; marshrut; xialommoz

РУССКИЙ ПУЛОТОВ Фахриддин Сайфиддинович1 Научно-исследовательский институт ветеринарии, Самарканд, Узбекистан

Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты паразитологических исследований 7014 голов крупного рогатого скота, 39594 овец, 7385 коз, 72 лошадей, 2 собак и других животных, принадлежащих к различным животноводческим хозяйствам и населению нашей Республики, с целью определения фауны видов эктопаразитов, широко распространенных среди сельскохозяйственных животных в последние годы. Были собраны обнаруженные у них эндо- и эктопаразиты, изучены их морфология, виды, роды и систематика, идентифицировано 36 видов эктопаразитов и эндопаразитов среди сельскохозяйственных и лабораторных животных, относящихся к 8 видам, а также представлена информация о доминирующих видах и вызываемых ими арахноэнтоматозных заболеваниях.

How to cite / Iqtibos keltirish / Как цитировать: PULOTOV, F. S. (2026). Fauna of ectoparasites of farm animals. Research Focus International Scientific Journal, 5(8), [pp–pp]. https://doi.org/10.66073/ReFocus.V5I8.0816 © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Research Focus International Scientific Journal. Open access article under the CC BY 4.0 licence. HAC / OAK: On the HAC list of national scientific publications (Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan) for 06.00.00 Agricultural Sciences and 16.00.00 Veterinary Sciences. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi FA huzuridagi OAK ro‘yxatida: 06.00.00 – Qishloq xo‘jaligi fanlari; 16.00.00 – Veterinariya fanlari.

Ключевые слова: арахноз; бовиколёз; доминант; эктопаразит; эндопаразит; энтомоз; фауна; стационар; клещ; маршрут; хиаломмоз

1. KIRISH Introduction KIRISH. Bugungi kunda qishloq xo‘jaligi hayvonlarining sog‘lig‘ini muhofaza qilish, ularning mahsuldorligini oshirish va yuqumli hamda parazitar kasalliklarning oldini olish veterinariya fanining dolzarb yo‘nalishlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Xususan, ektoparazitar kasalliklar chorvachilik tarmog‘iga katta iqtisodiy zarar etkazib, hayvonlarda turli infeksion va invazion kasalliklarning tarqalishida muhim epidemiologik omil sifatida namoyon bo‘lmoqda. Ektoparazitlar qishloq xo‘jaligi hayvonlarida bevosita qon so‘rish orqali anemiya, teri shikastlanishlari, stress holati va mahsuldorlikning keskin pasayishiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, ular ko‘plab transmissiv kasalliklarning asosiy tashuvchisi bo‘lib, epizootik jarayonlarning rivojlanishida etakchi rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu kasalliklar hayvonlarning nobud bo‘lishiga, davolash xarajatlarining oshishiga va chorvachilik mahsulotlari sifatining pasayishiga sabab bo‘ladi.

Veterinariya fani va mutaxassislari oldida turgan eng dolzarb muammolardan biri chorva mollari orasida uchraydigan va xo’jaliklarga sezilarli iqtisodiy zarar etkazadigan ektoparazitozlarga tashxis qo’yish, davolash, oldini olish va qarshi kurash chora-tadbirlarini ishlab chiqishni takomillashtirish hamda amaliyotga joriy etish sanaladi. Biroq, iqlim o‘zgarishi, chorvachilik texnologiyalarining takomillashuvi hamda hayvonlarni parvarishlash sharoitlarining o‘zgarishi sababli ektoparazitlarning tur tarkibi va epizootologik holatini muntazam ravishda o‘rganib borish shuningdek, turli mulk shaklidagi chorvachilik xo’jaliklarida ektoparazitlar migratsiyasini (fauna, fenologiyasi), ularning epizootologik xususiyatlarini o’rganish, ularga qarshi kurashning (dezinsektsiya, dezakarizatsiya) zamonaviy chora-tadbirlari va yuqori samarador vositalarini ishlab chiqish, takomillashtirish hamda amaliyotga joriy etish dolzarb masala hisoblanadi.

Tadqiqotning maqsadi: Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida ektoparazit turlarining faunasini o‘rganishdan iborat. 2. TADQIQOT MATERIALLARI VA USLUBLARI Materials and methods Tadqiqot materiallari va uslublari. Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida ektoparazit turlarining faunasi statsionar va marshrut tekshirishlar usulida bajarildi. Statsionar tekshirishlar maxsus tanlangan chorvachilik fermalarida yoki yaylovlarning malum statsiyalarida, marshrut tekshirishlar esa har xil chorvachilik xo‘jaliklarida oyiga bir marta o‘tkazildi.

Statsionar tekshirishlar yil mobaynida har 7-10 kunda bajarildi. Har otardan 10-15 bosh har xil yoshdagi hayvonlar yilning barcha dekadalarida, oy va fasllarida topilgan ektoparazitlar terib tekshirilib borildi. Ulardan terilgan ektoparazitlar sonini aniqlash uchun chetlari vazelin moyi bilan moylangan Petri idishchasi ichiga joylashtirilgan oq filtr qog‘ozi ustiga ektoparazitlar solinadi va ularning soni aniqlandi. Ularning turini aniqlash uchun esa Petri idishchasida 24 soat saqlangach, maxsus aniqlagich jadvallardan foydalanib, MBS-1, BMS-10 mikroskoplari yordamida amalga 1-jadval oshirildi. Har bir hayvonlardan olingan malumotlar alohida qayd etib borildi. 3. TADQIQOTLARNING NATIJALARI Results and discussion Tadqiqotlarning natijalari. Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari ektoparazitlarining faunasi bo‘yicha ilmiy tadqiqotlar Samarqand viloyati Toyloq tumani “Chorvador O‘roqov Sh.”fermer xo‘jaligidagi 27 bosh mayda va 72 bosh yirik shoxli hayvonlarda, “Akmal Toshpo‘latovich” fermer xo‘jaligidagi 423 bosh qoramol, “Chorvador O‘roqov Sh.” fermer xo‘jaligidagi 21 bosh qo‘y va 67 bosh qoramollarda, Payariq tumanidagi “Plem chorvadori” xususiy fermer xo‘jaligidagi 44 bosh qoramol, 32 bosh qo‘y va 21 bosh echkilarda, Nurobod tumani “Chavandoz” fermer xo‘jaligida 80 bosh qaromol, 35 bosh qo‘y, 90 bosh echkilar, “Xudoyqulov F.I.” chorvachilik fermer xo‘jaligida 60 bosh qaromol, 50 bosh qo‘y, 230 bosh echkilar, “Jamshid” fermer xo‘jaligida 28 bosh qoramol, 60 bosh qo‘y, 30 bosh echkilar, “Boshquduq” qishloq fuqarosi U.Boboevga qarashli 31 bosh mayda shoxli va 7 bosh shaxsiy qoramollarda, “Nurobod qorako‘l naslchilik” MChJ ga qarashli 52 bosh qoramol, 585 bosh qo‘y va 327 bosh echki, Jizzax viloyati Forish tumanidagi “Boris orzulari” fermer xo‘jaligidagi 17 bosh qoramol, 2000 bosh qo‘y, 32 bosh echkilar, Qashqadaryo viloyati Kitob tumanidagi “Navbahor Charos bog‘i” chorvachilik fermer xo‘jaligiga qarashli 45 bosh va “Chirkay” chorvachilik fermer xo‘jaligidgia 50 bosh qoramollarda, Navoiy viloyatining Nurota tuman “Nurota qorako‘l naslchilik” ma’suliyati cheklangan jamiyatiga qarashli 33 bosh qoramol, 752 boshdan ortiq qorakul zotli qo‘ylarda xamda 645 boshdan ortiq tivit yo‘nalishidagi Orenburgning Angor zotli oq echkilarda, Andijon viloyati Oltinko’l tumanining “Andijon naslli echkilari” MCHJ dagi 810 bosh echkilar, Andijon tumani "lnmarka lyuks" chorvachilik xo‘jaligidagi 250 bosh qoramol, 210 bosh qo‘y va 470 bosh echkilar; “Pahtakor-tamorqa-xizmati" fermer xo‘jaligida 20 bosh qoramol, 30 bosh qo‘y, 40 bosh echkilar, Oltinko‘l tumani "Baxt imkon rivoj chorvasi" chorvachilik fermer xo‘jaligida 1220 bosh qaromol, 110 bosh qo‘y, 450 bosh echkilarda, Surxandaryo viloyati Termiz shahridagi “Qorabayir otlari” va “Chavandozlar sport maktabi” otchilik xo‘jaliklaridagi 72 bosh otlarda, Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi Nukus tumani “Dami-ata” femer xo‘jaligiga qarashli 22 bosh qoramol, 612 bosh qo‘y va 375 bosh echkilarda, “Qoniratbay-Mexri” fermer xo‘jaligiga qarashli 400 bosh qoramol, 120 bosh qo‘y va 80 bosh echkilarda, Shumanay tumanidagi “Sultan bereketli sharva” fermer xo‘jaligiga qarashli 55 bosh qoramollarda, Veterinariya ilmiy-tadqiqot instituti vivariylarida mavjud 11 bosh qoramol va 43 bosh qo‘ylarda, jami bo‘lib 703 bosh qoramol, 2195 bosh qo‘y, 1697 bosh echki, 2 bosh it va boshqa hayvonlarda, jami bo‘lib 7014 bosh qoramol, 39594 bosh qo‘y, 7385 bosh echki, 72 bosh otlarda, 2 bosh it va boshqa hayvonlar ustida parazitologik tadqiqot ishlari olib borilib ulardan topilgan endo- va ektoparazitlar terib olindi va ulardan topilgan endo- va ektoparazitlar terib olindi va ularning morfologiyasi o‘rganilib, turlari, jinsi, sistematikasi aniqlandi (1-jadval, 1-8- rasmlar).

Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlarida ektoparazitlar faunasi bo‘yicha monitoring natijalari / Table 1. Results of monitoring the ectoparasite fauna of farm animals T/r Hayvon turlari Topilgan parazitlar turi Araxnoentomoz nomi Guruhi

1 Qoramollarda Hyalomma anatolicum Xialommoz akaroz

2 Qoramollarda Hyalomma plumbeum Xialommoz akaroz

T/r Hayvon turlari Topilgan parazitlar turi Araxnoentomoz nomi Guruhi

3 Qoramollarda Rhipicephalus bursa Ripitsefaloz akaroz

4 Qoramollarda Dermacentor marginatus Dermasentoroz akaroz

5 Qoramollarda Rhipicephalus ricinus Ripitsefaloz akaroz

6 Qoramollarda H.euristernus Gematopinoz entomoz

7 Qoramollarda Bovicola bovis Bovikolyoz entomoz

8 Qoramollarda Hypoderma bovis Gipodermatoz entomoz

11 Qoramollarda Stomoxys calcitrans entomoz

12 Qo‘ylarda Bovicola ovis Bovikolyoz entomoz

13 Qo‘ylarda Psoroptes ovis Psoroptoz akaroz

14 Qo‘ylarda Sarcoptes ovis Sarkoptoz akaroz

15 Qo‘ylarda Rhipicephalus bursa Ripitsefaloz akaroz

16 Qo‘ylarda Alveonasus lahorensis Alveonasoz akaroz

18 Qo‘ylarda Ctenocephalides ovis Ktenotsefalidoz entomoz

19 Qo‘ylarda Linognathus ovis Linognatoz entomoz

20 Echkilarda Rhipicephalus bursa Ripitsefaloz akaroz

21 Echkilarda Bovicola caprae Bovikolyoz entomoz

22 Echkilarda Ctenocephalides caprae Ktenotsefalidoz entomoz

23 Echkilarda Linognathidae caprae Linognatoz entomoz

24 Otlarda Trichodectes pilosus Trixodektoz entomoz

25 Otlarda Hyalomma marginatum Xialommoz akaroz

26 Otlarda Gastrophilus intestinalis Gastrofilyoz entomoz

27 Otlarda G.nasalis Gastrofilyoz entomoz

28 Otlarda G.pecorum Gastrofilyoz entomoz

29 Baliqlarda Lernea cyprinacea Lerneoz akaroz

30 Baliqlarda Lernea elegans Lerneoz akaroz

31 Asalarilarda Varroa yakobsoni Varroatoz akaroz

32 Asalarilarda Tropilaelaps Tropilaelapsoz akaroz

33 Quyonlarda Rhipicephalus bursa Ripitsefaloz akaroz

34 Parrandalarda Argas persicus Argasoz akaroz

35 Parrandalarda Menacanthus stramineus Menakantoz entomoz

36 Parrandalarda Goniodes hologaster Goniokotoz entomoz

Olib borilgan ilmiy tadqiqotlar mobaynida qishloq xo‘jalik lerneoz kabi araxnoentomoz kasalliklarni tarqatuvchi ektoparzitlar hayvonlari orasida asosan bovikolyoz, ripitsefaloz, xialommoz, juda keng tarqalganligi kuzatildi.

1-rasm. Parazitologik tekshirish jarayoni / Fig. 1. The process of parasitological examination

2-rasm. B. caprae va L. caprae / Fig. 2. B. caprae and L. caprae

5-rasm. Dermacentor marginatus / Fig. 5. Dermacentor marginatus

3-rasm. Bovicola bovis / Fig. 3. Bovicola bovis

6-rasm. Rhipicephalus bursa / Fig. 6. Rhipicephalus bursa

4-rasm. Ctenocephalides caprae / Fig. 4. Ctenocephalides caprae

7-rasm. Rhipicephalus ricinus / Fig. 7. Rhipicephalus ricinus

8-rasm. Simulium ornatum zoofil pashshasi / Fig. 8. The zoophilous fly Simulium ornatum

Shunday qilib, qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida Bovicola, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, Ctenocephalidae avlodiga mansub ektoparazitlar hamda Hypoderma, Psoroptes va Oestrus avlodiga mansub endoparazitlar dominant tur sifatida keng tarqalganligi aniqlandi.

4. XULOSALAR Conclusions 1. Ilk bor Samarqand, Qashqalaryo, Jizzax, Surxondaryo, Andijon viloyatlari va Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi chorvachilik xo‘jaliklari, shaxsiy va boshqa fermer xo‘jaliklardagi qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlari orasida tarqalgan ektoparazitlar faunasi o‘rganilgan va 8 turga mansub qishloq xo‘jalik va laboratoriya hayvonlari orasida 36 turga mansub ekto- va endoparazitlar aniqlandi. 2. Qishloq xo‘jalik hayvonlarida entomoz kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchilar - Bovicola bovis, B. ovis, B.caprae, Ctenocefalides caprae, Linognathus caprae, Linognathus ovis va akaroz kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchi – Rhipicephalus ricinus va Alveonasus lahorensis turlari keng tarqalganligi hamda bovikolyoz, ktenosefalidoz, linognatoz, rhipicefalioz va alveonasoz kasalliklari bilan kasallanganligi aniqlandi. DECLARATIONS Declarations Author contributions CRediT Conceptualization; Methodology; Investigation; Data curation; Writing – original draft; Writing – review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding This research received no external funding. Ethics approval Not applicable. This study did not involve humans, animals or other regulated materials. Informed consent All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and have given their consent to its submission and publication. The study involved no human participants and no personal data. Data availability statement All data supporting the findings of this study are presented in the article and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Generative AI was used only partially. The authors used Claude (Anthropic, Opus 5) for language editing, formatting of the reference list and preparation of the English and Russian metadata. No text, data, figures or conclusions were generated by AI. The authors reviewed and verified all output and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

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Mandatory for all articles whose full text is not in English. Length 600–1000 words. It must be independently readable: a reader who does not know the language of the full text should understand the problem, the method, the numerical results and the contribution without consulting the main text. Do not copy the 250-word abstract.

Purpose and research problem Protecting the health of farm animals, raising their productivity and ensuring the biological safety of livestock products are among the central tasks of veterinary science and practice in Uzbekistan, and the arachno-entomoses caused by ectoparasites are one of the most pressing problems in this field: they weaken the animals, reduce meat, milk and wool output, damage hides and act as vectors for a range of other pathogens. Effective control, however, presupposes exact knowledge of which species are actually present in the country’s herds and which of them are dominant. The aim of the study was to determine the fauna of ectoparasite species occurring among farm animals of Uzbekistan, together with the morphology, species composition, sex and systematic position of the parasites found, and to identify the dominant species and the arachno-entomoses they cause. Materials and methods The fauna of ectoparasites among farm animals was studied by stationary and route methods. Stationary examinations were carried out throughout the year at intervals of 7–10 days, and from each flock 10–15 animals of different ages were examined at every season of the year. Parasitological investigations covered a total of 7014 head of cattle, 39 594 sheep, 7385 goats, 72 horses, 2 dogs and other animals belonging to livestock farms and to the population in Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Jizzakh, Surkhandarya and Andijan regions and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The endo- and ectoparasites found on the examined animals were collected, and their morphology, species, sex and systematics were studied. The full monitoring results are given in Table 1.

Results and discussion Among eight species of farm and laboratory animals, 36 species of ecto- and endoparasites were identified. The stationary and route examinations showed that the ectoparasites transmitting arachno-entomoses such as bovicolosis, rhipicephalosis and hyalommosis are very widely distributed among farm animals. In cattle the ixodid ticks Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma plumbeum and Rhipicephalus bursa were recorded as agents of hyalommosis and rhipicephalosis, which belong to the acaroses; the complete list of host species, parasite species and the corresponding arachno-entomoses is presented in Table 1. Analysed by genus, the ectoparasites of the genera Bovicola, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma and the family Ctenocephalidae, together with the endoparasites of the genera Hypoderma, Psoroptes and Oestrus, were established as dominant and widely distributed. The practical significance of this ranking is that control programmes in the surveyed regions can be directed at a small number of dominant genera rather than at the parasite fauna as a whole.

For the first time, the fauna of ectoparasites of farm animals was studied in the livestock holdings of Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Jizzakh, Surkhandarya and Andijan regions and of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and 36 species of ecto- and endoparasites belonging to eight host species were identified. Among farm animals the agents of entomoses — Bovicola bovis, B. ovis, B. caprae and Ctenocephalides canis — and the agents of acaroses of the genera Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma were established as dominant species, alongside the endoparasitic genera Hypoderma, Psoroptes and

Oestrus. The contribution of the work is a systematic, multi-region baseline of the ectoparasite fauna of Uzbek livestock, which provides the factual basis for planning targeted acaricidal and insecticidal treatments and for monitoring changes in the parasite community over time.

ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI References (original language) Adabiyotlar matnda birinchi keltirilish tartibida raqamlanadi. Oltitagacha muallif to‘liq ko‘rsatiladi; DOI mavjud bo‘lsa, albatta beriladi. [1] Kamalova, A. I. (2024). THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE AND HUMAN LIFE. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., 1(5), 90-95. [2] Pulatov, F. S., Rakhimov, M. Y., Ismoilov, A. S., Boltaev, D. M., Kamalova, A. I., & Djalolov, A. A. (2022). Fauna and phenoecology of zooparazites. Annals of forest research Scopus journal, 65(1), 854- 863. [3] Dzhalolov, A. A., Pulotov, F. S., & Ismailov, A. S. (2024). INSECTICIDAL PROPERTY OF BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST BOVICOLA OVIS. European Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences, 1(7), 159-163. [4] Pulatov, F. S., Rakhimov, M. Y., Ismoilov, A. S., Boltayev, D. M., Kamalova, A. I., & Djalolov, A. A. (2023). Ecogenesis of ECTO and Endoparasites in Animals. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10, 2238-2245. [5] Sun, W., Liu, S. S., & Zhao, C. C. (2023). Biological properties of active compounds from Ageratina adenophora. SAGE Open Medicine, 11, 20503121231167964. [6] Adetuga, A., Ukaonu, R., Fortunate, O. N., & Omonona, A. (2026). MORPHOMETRY AND PARASITE DIVERSITY IN SPILOPELIA SENEGALENSIS (LINNAEUS, 1766) CAPTURED WITHIN UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN. TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, 11(1), 66-80. [7] Elmurodov, B. A., Navruzov, N. I., & Kiyamova, Z. N. (2024). SALMONELLA PULLOROM GALLINARIUM VA STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAENING ARALASH INFEKSIYASI BILAN YOSHGA OID ZARARLANISHI VA GEMATOLOGIK O‘ZGARISHLAR. Yangi O‘zbekiston ustozlari, 2(29), 106-116.

Transliterated list — required by Scopus and Web of Science Mandatory whenever any reference is in a non-Latin script. Transliterate the author names and the original title, then give the English translation of the title in square brackets, followed by the language tag. [1] Kamalova, A. I. (2024). THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE AND HUMAN LIFE. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., 1(5), 90-95. [2] Pulatov, F. S., Rakhimov, M. Y., Ismoilov, A. S., Boltaev, D. M., Kamalova, A. I., & Djalolov, A. A. (2022). Fauna and phenoecology of zooparazites. Annals of forest research Scopus journal, 65(1), 854- 863. [3] Dzhalolov, A. A., Pulotov, F. S., & Ismailov, A. S. (2024). INSECTICIDAL PROPERTY OF BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST BOVICOLA OVIS. European Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences, 1(7), 159-163. [4] Pulatov, F. S., Rakhimov, M. Y., Ismoilov, A. S., Boltayev, D. M., Kamalova, A. I., & Djalolov, A. A. (2023). Ecogenesis of ECTO and Endoparasites in Animals. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10, 2238-2245. [5] Sun, W., Liu, S. S., & Zhao, C. C. (2023). Biological properties of active compounds from Ageratina adenophora. SAGE Open Medicine, 11, 20503121231167964. [6] Adetuga, A., Ukaonu, R., Fortunate, O. N., & Omonona, A. (2026). MORPHOMETRY AND PARASITE DIVERSITY IN SPILOPELIA SENEGALENSIS (LINNAEUS, 1766) CAPTURED WITHIN UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN. TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, 11(1), 66-80. [7] Elmurodov, B. A., Navruzov, N. I., & Kiyamova, Z. N. (2024). SALMONELLA PULLOROM GALLINARIUM VA STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAENING ARALASH INFEKSIYASI BILAN YOSHGA OID ZARARLANISHI VA GEMATOLOGIK O‘ZGARISHLAR. Yangi O‘zbekiston ustozlari, 2(29), 106-116.