<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD with MathML3 v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/refocus.v5i9.0906</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-014137</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Опухоли передней черепной ямки: клинический случай крупной менингиомы обонятельной борозды с бифронтальной компрессией и перифокальным отёком</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Anterior cranial fossa tumors: a clinical case of a large olfactory groove meningioma with bifrontal compression and peritumoral edema</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>Oldingi kalla chuqurchasi o‘smalari: bifrontal kompressiya va perifokal shish bilan kechgan yirik hid bilish egati meningiomasining klinik holati</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>АЛИЕВ</surname>
            <given-names>Мансур Абдухоликович</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Специализированный научно-практический центр нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации при Самаркандском государственном медицинском университете, Самарканд, Узбекистан</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ХУСАНОВ</surname>
            <given-names>Зафар Тошмуродович</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Специализированный научно-практический центр нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации при Самаркандском государственном медицинском университете, Самарканд, Узбекистан</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>САФАРОВ</surname>
            <given-names>Отабек Тургунбой угли</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Специализированный научно-практический центр нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации при Самаркандском государственном медицинском университете, Самарканд, Узбекистан</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>62</fpage>
      <lpage>72</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-014137/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Менингиомы обонятельной борозды относятся к опухолям передней черепной ямки и характеризуются длительным клинически малосимптомным течением, вследствие чего нередко диагностируются уже при значительном объёме опухолевой массы, компрессии лобных долей и формировании перифокального вазогенного отёка. Клиническая картина может включать нарушение обоняния, головную боль, зрительные расстройства, изменения эмоционально-поведенческой сферы, когнитивную дисфункцию и признаки внутричерепной гипертензии. Представлен клинический случай 59-летней пациентки с крупным экстрацеребральным новообразованием передней черепной ямки, локализованным в области обонятельной борозды и сопровождавшимся двусторонней лобно-базальной компрессией, вазогенным отёком, гипосмией, общемозговой симптоматикой и эмоционально-лобной дисфункцией. По данным контрастной магнитно-резонансной томографии максимальный размер образования составлял около 42 мм. С учётом симптомности, выраженного масс-эффекта и компрессии лобных долей принято решение о микрохирургическом лечении. Выполнена правосторонняя фронтолатеральная краниотомия с тотальным удалением опухоли по Simpson II. В послеоперационном периоде отмечены регресс общемозговой симптоматики и лобно-психических нарушений, улучшение функционального статуса по шкале Карновского с 70 до 80 баллов, отсутствие нового двигательного дефицита и удовлетворительное заживление раны. Клинический случай демонстрирует значение раннего распознавания малоспецифичных нейропсихологических и обонятельных симптомов, индивидуального выбора хирургического коридора и соблюдения принципа максимально безопасной резекции при опухолях передней черепной ямки.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Olfactory groove meningiomas are anterior cranial fossa tumors characterized by an indolent clinical course and may therefore reach a considerable size before diagnosis, producing frontal lobe compression and peritumoral vasogenic edema. Clinical manifestations may include olfactory dysfunction, headache, visual impairment, emotional and behavioral abnormalities, cognitive dysfunction, and signs of intracranial hypertension. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a large extra-axial anterior cranial fossa mass located in the olfactory groove region, causing bilateral frontobasal compression, vasogenic edema, hyposmia, cerebral symptoms, and frontal behavioral dysfunction. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a lesion with a maximum dimension of approximately 42 mm. Due to the symptomatic course, marked mass effect, and frontal lobe compression, microsurgical treatment was undertaken. A right frontolateral craniotomy was performed, achieving total tumor removal corresponding to Simpson grade II. Postoperatively, cerebral and frontal behavioral symptoms regressed, Karnofsky performance status improved from 70 to 80, no new motor deficit developed, and the surgical wound healed primarily. This case emphasizes the diagnostic significance of subtle olfactory and neurobehavioral manifestations, individualized selection of the surgical corridor, and the principle of maximal safe resection in anterior cranial fossa tumors.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Hid bilish egati meningiomalari oldingi kalla chuqurchasi o‘smalari guruhiga kirib, uzoq vaqt davomida kam simptomli kechishi mumkin. Shu sababli ular ko‘pincha o‘sma katta hajmga yetib, peshona bo‘laklarini kompressiya qilgan va perifokal vazogen shish shakllangan bosqichda aniqlanadi. Klinik belgilari hid bilishning pasayishi, bosh og‘rig‘i, ko‘rish buzilishi, emotsional-xulqiy o‘zgarishlar, kognitiv disfunksiya hamda intrakranial gipertenziya belgilari bilan namoyon bo‘lishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada 59 yoshli bemorda oldingi kalla chuqurchasi va hid bilish egati sohasida joylashgan, ikki tomonlama peshona-bazal tuzilmalarni kompressiya qilgan, perifokal shish, giposmiya, umumiy miya simptomlari hamda frontal ruhiy disfunksiya bilan kechgan yirik ekstraserebral o‘smaning klinik holati bayon etilgan. Kontrastli magnit-rezonans tomografiyada o‘smaning maksimal o‘lchami taxminan 42 mm bo‘lgan. Klinik simptomlar va mass-effekt mavjudligi sabab mikroxirurgik davolash tanlangan. O‘ng tomonlama frontolateral kraniotomiya orqali o‘sma Simpson II darajasida total rezeksiya qilingan. Operatsiyadan keyin umumiy miya va frontal-ruhiy simptomlar regressiyasi, Karnovskiy indeksining 70 dan 80 ballgacha yaxshilanishi va yangi harakat defitsitining yo‘qligi kuzatilgan. Klinik holat individual jarrohlik yondashuvini tanlash va maksimal xavfsiz rezeksiya tamoyilining ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>передняя черепная ямка</kwd>
        <kwd>менингиома обонятельной борозды</kwd>
        <kwd>менингиома</kwd>
        <kwd>фронтолатеральный доступ</kwd>
        <kwd>микрохирургия</kwd>
        <kwd>Simpson II</kwd>
        <kwd>перифокальный отёк</kwd>
        <kwd>гипосмия</kwd>
        <kwd>лобная доля</kwd>
        <kwd>основание черепа</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>anterior cranial fossa</kwd>
        <kwd>olfactory groove meningioma</kwd>
        <kwd>frontolateral approach</kwd>
        <kwd>microsurgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Simpson grade II</kwd>
        <kwd>peritumoral edema</kwd>
        <kwd>hyposmia</kwd>
        <kwd>frontal lobe</kwd>
        <kwd>skull base</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>oldingi kalla chuqurchasi</kwd>
        <kwd>hid bilish egati meningiomasi</kwd>
        <kwd>frontolateral kirish</kwd>
        <kwd>mikroxirurgiya</kwd>
        <kwd>Simpson II</kwd>
        <kwd>perifokal shish</kwd>
        <kwd>giposmiya</kwd>
        <kwd>peshona bo‘lagi</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="r1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou P, Jenkinson MD, Sahm F, Mawrin C, Weber DC, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(11):1821–1834. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/neuonc/noab150</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(8):1231–1251. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/neuonc/noab106</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D; CARE Group. The CARE Guidelines: Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development. J Med Case Rep. 2013;7:223. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1752-1947-7-223</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Simpson D. The recurrence of intracranial meningiomas after surgical treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1957;20(1):22–39. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.20.1.22</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nakamura M, Struck M, Roser F, Vorkapic P, Samii M. Olfactory groove meningiomas: clinical outcome and recurrence rates after tumor removal through the frontolateral and bifrontal approach. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(5):844–852. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/01.NEU.0000255453.20602.80</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>Spektor S, Valarezo J, Fliss DM, Gil Z, Cohen J, Goldman J, Umansky F. Olfactory groove meningiomas from neurosurgical and ear, nose, and throat perspectives: approaches, techniques, and outcomes. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(4 Suppl):268–280. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/01.NEU.0000176409.70668.EB</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>Bassiouni H, Asgari S, Stolke D. Olfactory groove meningiomas: functional outcome in a series treated microsurgically. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007;149(2):109–121. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-006-1075-z</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>Romani R, Lehecka M, Gaal E, Toninelli S, Celik O, Niemelä M, et al. Lateral supraorbital approach applied to olfactory groove meningiomas: experience with 66 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(1):39–52. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/01.NEU.0000346266.69493.88</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hassler W, Zentner J. Pterional approach for surgical treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas. Neurosurgery. 1989;25(6):942–947.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>El-Bahy K. Validity of the frontolateral approach as a minimally invasive corridor for olfactory groove meningiomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(10):1197–1205. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-009-0369-3</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>Fountas KN, Hadjigeorgiou GF, Kapsalaki EZ, Paschalis T, Rizea R, Ciurea AV. Surgical and functional outcome of olfactory groove meningiomas: Lessons from the past experience and strategy development. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;171:46–52. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.05.016</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>Goel A, Bhaganagare A, Shah A, Kaswa A, Rai S, Dharurkar P, Gore S. Olfactory groove meningiomas: An analysis based on surgical experience with 129 cases. Neurol India. 2018;66(4):1081–1086. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0028-3886.236989</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>Constanthin PE, Gondar R, Fellrath J, Mottet Wyttenbach I, Tizi K, Weman L, et al. Neuropsychological Outcomes after Surgery for Olfactory Groove Meningiomas. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(11):2520. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/cancers13112520</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pashkov A, Filimonova E, Poptsova A, Martirosyan A, Prozorova P, Moysak G, Rzaev J. Cognitive, affective and behavioral functioning in patients with olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2025;48(1):457. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-025-03626-7</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>Aguiar PHP, Tahara A, Almeida AN, Simm R, Silva AN, Maldaun MVC, et al. Olfactory groove meningiomas: approaches and complications. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(9):1168–1173. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jocn.2008.12.013</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>Feng AY, Wong S, Saluja S, Jin MC, Thai A, Pendharkar AV, et al. Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas Through Unilateral vs. Bilateral Approaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol. 2020;10:560706. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fonc.2020.560706</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>Kasper EM, Mirza FA, et al. Surgical Morbidity in Relation to the Surgical Approach for Olfactory Groove Meningiomas-A Pooled Analysis of 1016 Patients and Proposal of a New Reporting System. Brain Sci. 2023;13(6):896. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/brainsci13060896</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>Purohit A, Jha R, Khalafallah AM, Price C, Rowan NR, Mukherjee D. Endoscopic endonasal versus transcranial approach to resection of olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2020;43(6):1465–1471. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-019-01193-2</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>Shetty SR, Ruiz-Treviño AS, Omay SB, Almeida JP, Liang B, Chen YN, et al. Limitations of the endonasal endoscopic approach in treating olfactory groove meningiomas. A systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(10):1875–1885. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-017-3303-0</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hafiz B, Alsharif T, Okal F, Sukkar F, Alotaibi Y, Aref M, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Endoscopic Endonasal versus Transcranial Approaches for Treating Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg. 2026;211:125015. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.wneu.2026.125015</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>Candy NG, Hinder D, Jukes AK, Wormald PJ, Psaltis AJ. Olfaction preservation in olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46:186. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-023-02096-z</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>Simpson D. The recurrence of intracranial meningiomas after surgical treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1957;20:22–39.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>Brokinkel B, Spille DC, Brokinkel C, Hess K, Paulus W, Bormann E, Stummer W. The Simpson grading: defining the optimal threshold for gross total resection in meningioma surgery. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44:1713–1720. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-020-01369-1</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>Chotai S, Schwartz TH. The Simpson Grading: Is It Still Valid? Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(8):2007. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/cancers14082007</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>Voß KM, Spille DC, Sauerland C, Suero Molina E, Brokinkel C, Paulus W, et al. The Simpson grading in meningioma surgery: does the tumor location influence the prognostic value? J Neurooncol. 2017;133(3):641–651. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11060-017-2481-1</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>Spille DC, Hess K, Bormann E, Sauerland C, Brokinkel C, Warneke N, et al. Risk of tumor recurrence in intracranial meningiomas: comparative analyses of the predictive value of the postoperative tumor volume and the Simpson classification. J Neurosurg. 2021;134(6):1764–1771. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3171/2020.4.JNS20412</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mirian C, Jensen LR, Hoffmann AG, Maier AD, Juratli TA, Torp SH, et al. Simpson Grading and Risk of Recurrence in 4074 Meningioma Patients With Gross Total Resection. Neurosurgery. 2026. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/neu.0000000000004213</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation>Brown NJ, Pennington Z, Patel S, Kuo C, Chakravarti S, Bui NE, Gendreau J, Van Gompel JJ. Surgical Approaches to Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Comparative Meta-analysis of the Endoscopic Endonasal versus Transcranial and Unilateral versus Bilateral Approaches. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2025;86(2):208–</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation>WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Central Nervous System Tumours. WHO Classification of Tumours. 5th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2021.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hentschel SJ, DeMonte F. Olfactory groove meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2003;14(6). doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3171/foc.2003.14.6.4</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Gazzeri G. Giant olfactory groove meningioma: ophthalmological and cognitive outcome after bifrontal microsurgical approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008;150:1117–1126. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-008-0142-z</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation>Solero CL, Giombini S, Morello G. Suprasellar and olfactory meningiomas: report on a series of 153 personal cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1983;67:181–194. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF01401420</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mirimanoff RO, Dosoretz DE, Linggood RM, Ojemann RG, Martuza RL. Meningioma: analysis of recurrence and progression following neurosurgical resection. J Neurosurg. 1985;62(1):18–24. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3171/jns.1985.62.1.0018</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Gazzeri G. The role of the pterional approach in the surgical treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas: a 20-year experience. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(2):79–86.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation>Guduk M, Yener U, Sun HI, Hacihanefioglu M, Ozduman K, Pamir MN. Pterional and Unifrontal Approaches for the Microsurgical Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Experience with 61 Consecutive Patients. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27(5):707–715. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.17154-16.1</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation>Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou P, Jenkinson MD, Sahm F, Mawrin C, Weber DC, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(11):1821–1834. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/neuonc/noab150</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation>Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021;23(8):1231–1251. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/neuonc/noab106</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D; CARE Group. The CARE Guidelines: Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development. J Med Case Rep. 2013;7:223. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1752-1947-7-223</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation>Simpson D. The recurrence of intracranial meningiomas after surgical treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1957;20(1):22–39. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.20.1.22</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nakamura M, Struck M, Roser F, Vorkapic P, Samii M. Olfactory groove meningiomas: clinical outcome and recurrence rates after tumor removal through the frontolateral and bifrontal approach. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(5):844–852. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/01.NEU.0000255453.20602.80</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation>Spektor S, Valarezo J, Fliss DM, Gil Z, Cohen J, Goldman J, Umansky F. Olfactory groove meningiomas from neurosurgical and ear, nose, and throat perspectives: approaches, techniques, and outcomes. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(4 Suppl):268–280. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/01.NEU.0000176409.70668.EB</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation>Bassiouni H, Asgari S, Stolke D. Olfactory groove meningiomas: functional outcome in a series treated microsurgically. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007;149(2):109–121. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-006-1075-z</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation>Romani R, Lehecka M, Gaal E, Toninelli S, Celik O, Niemelä M, et al. Lateral supraorbital approach applied to olfactory groove meningiomas: experience with 66 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(1):39–52. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/01.NEU.0000346266.69493.88</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hassler W, Zentner J. Pterional approach for surgical treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas. Neurosurgery. 1989;25(6):942–947.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r45">
        <label>45</label>
        <mixed-citation>El-Bahy K. Validity of the frontolateral approach as a minimally invasive corridor for olfactory groove meningiomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(10):1197–1205. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-009-0369-3</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r46">
        <label>46</label>
        <mixed-citation>Fountas KN, Hadjigeorgiou GF, Kapsalaki EZ, Paschalis T, Rizea R, Ciurea AV. Surgical and functional outcome of olfactory groove meningiomas: Lessons from the past experience and strategy development. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;171:46–52. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.05.016</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r47">
        <label>47</label>
        <mixed-citation>Goel A, Bhaganagare A, Shah A, Kaswa A, Rai S, Dharurkar P, Gore S. Olfactory groove meningiomas: An analysis based on surgical experience with 129 cases. Neurol India. 2018;66(4):1081–1086. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0028-3886.236989</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r48">
        <label>48</label>
        <mixed-citation>Constanthin PE, Gondar R, Fellrath J, Mottet Wyttenbach I, Tizi K, Weman L, et al. Neuropsychological Outcomes after Surgery for Olfactory Groove Meningiomas. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(11):2520. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/cancers13112520</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r49">
        <label>49</label>
        <mixed-citation>Pashkov A, Filimonova E, Poptsova A, Martirosyan A, Prozorova P, Moysak G, Rzaev J. Cognitive, affective and behavioral functioning in patients with olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2025;48(1):457. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-025-03626-7</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r50">
        <label>50</label>
        <mixed-citation>Aguiar PHP, Tahara A, Almeida AN, Simm R, Silva AN, Maldaun MVC, et al. Olfactory groove meningiomas: approaches and complications. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(9):1168–1173. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jocn.2008.12.013</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r51">
        <label>51</label>
        <mixed-citation>Feng AY, Wong S, Saluja S, Jin MC, Thai A, Pendharkar AV, et al. Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas Through Unilateral vs. Bilateral Approaches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol. 2020;10:560706. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fonc.2020.560706</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r52">
        <label>52</label>
        <mixed-citation>Kasper EM, Mirza FA, et al. Surgical Morbidity in Relation to the Surgical Approach for Olfactory Groove Meningiomas-A Pooled Analysis of 1016 Patients and Proposal of a New Reporting System. Brain Sci. 2023;13(6):896. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/brainsci13060896</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r53">
        <label>53</label>
        <mixed-citation>Purohit A, Jha R, Khalafallah AM, Price C, Rowan NR, Mukherjee D. Endoscopic endonasal versus transcranial approach to resection of olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2020;43(6):1465–1471. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-019-01193-2</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r54">
        <label>54</label>
        <mixed-citation>Shetty SR, Ruiz-Treviño AS, Omay SB, Almeida JP, Liang B, Chen YN, et al. Limitations of the endonasal endoscopic approach in treating olfactory groove meningiomas. A systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(10):1875–1885. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-017-3303-0</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r55">
        <label>55</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hafiz B, Alsharif T, Okal F, Sukkar F, Alotaibi Y, Aref M, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Endoscopic Endonasal versus Transcranial Approaches for Treating Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg. 2026;211:125015. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.wneu.2026.125015</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r56">
        <label>56</label>
        <mixed-citation>Candy NG, Hinder D, Jukes AK, Wormald PJ, Psaltis AJ. Olfaction preservation in olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46:186. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-023-02096-z</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r57">
        <label>57</label>
        <mixed-citation>Simpson D. The recurrence of intracranial meningiomas after surgical treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1957;20:22–39.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r58">
        <label>58</label>
        <mixed-citation>Brokinkel B, Spille DC, Brokinkel C, Hess K, Paulus W, Bormann E, Stummer W. The Simpson grading: defining the optimal threshold for gross total resection in meningioma surgery. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44:1713–1720. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10143-020-01369-1</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r59">
        <label>59</label>
        <mixed-citation>Chotai S, Schwartz TH. The Simpson Grading: Is It Still Valid? Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(8):2007. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/cancers14082007</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r60">
        <label>60</label>
        <mixed-citation>Voß KM, Spille DC, Sauerland C, Suero Molina E, Brokinkel C, Paulus W, et al. The Simpson grading in meningioma surgery: does the tumor location influence the prognostic value? J Neurooncol. 2017;133(3):641–651. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11060-017-2481-1</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r61">
        <label>61</label>
        <mixed-citation>Spille DC, Hess K, Bormann E, Sauerland C, Brokinkel C, Warneke N, et al. Risk of tumor recurrence in intracranial meningiomas: comparative analyses of the predictive value of the postoperative tumor volume and the Simpson classification. J Neurosurg. 2021;134(6):1764–1771. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3171/2020.4.JNS20412</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r62">
        <label>62</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mirian C, Jensen LR, Hoffmann AG, Maier AD, Juratli TA, Torp SH, et al. Simpson Grading and Risk of Recurrence in 4074 Meningioma Patients With Gross Total Resection. Neurosurgery. 2026. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1227/neu.0000000000004213</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r63">
        <label>63</label>
        <mixed-citation>Brown NJ, Pennington Z, Patel S, Kuo C, Chakravarti S, Bui NE, Gendreau J, Van Gompel JJ. Surgical Approaches to Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Comparative Meta-analysis of the Endoscopic Endonasal versus Transcranial and Unilateral versus Bilateral Approaches. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2025;86(2):208–</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r64">
        <label>64</label>
        <mixed-citation>WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Central Nervous System Tumours. WHO Classification of Tumours. 5th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2021.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r65">
        <label>65</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hentschel SJ, DeMonte F. Olfactory groove meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus. 2003;14(6). doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3171/foc.2003.14.6.4</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r66">
        <label>66</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Gazzeri G. Giant olfactory groove meningioma: ophthalmological and cognitive outcome after bifrontal microsurgical approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2008;150:1117–1126. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00701-008-0142-z</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r67">
        <label>67</label>
        <mixed-citation>Solero CL, Giombini S, Morello G. Suprasellar and olfactory meningiomas: report on a series of 153 personal cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1983;67:181–194. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/BF01401420</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r68">
        <label>68</label>
        <mixed-citation>Mirimanoff RO, Dosoretz DE, Linggood RM, Ojemann RG, Martuza RL. Meningioma: analysis of recurrence and progression following neurosurgical resection. J Neurosurg. 1985;62(1):18–24. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3171/jns.1985.62.1.0018</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r69">
        <label>69</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Gazzeri G. The role of the pterional approach in the surgical treatment of olfactory groove meningiomas: a 20-year experience. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(2):79–86.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r70">
        <label>70</label>
        <mixed-citation>Guduk M, Yener U, Sun HI, Hacihanefioglu M, Ozduman K, Pamir MN. Pterional and Unifrontal Approaches for the Microsurgical Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Experience with 61 Consecutive Patients. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27(5):707–715. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.17154-16.1</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
