<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD with MathML3 v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/refocus.v5i9.0905</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-014136</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Двусторонняя глубокая стимуляция задневентролатеральной области таламуса при тремор-ригидной форме болезни Паркинсона IV стадии с выраженными аксиальными нарушениями: клинический случай</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Bilateral posterior ventrolateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in stage IV tremor-rigid Parkinson disease with prominent axial dysfunction: a case report</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>Parkinson kasalligining IV bosqichdagi tremor-rigid shaklida aksial buzilishlar yaqqol ifodalanganda talamusning orqa ventrolateral sohasini ikki tomonlama chuqur stimulyatsiya qilish: klinik holat</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>АЛИЕВ</surname>
            <given-names>Мансур Абдухоликович</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Специализированный научно-практический центр нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации при Самаркандском государственном медицинском университете, Самарканд, Узбекистан</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ОЗТЮРК</surname>
            <given-names>Саит</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Медицинский факультет Университета Алтынбаш, кафедра нейрохирургии, Стамбул, Турция</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>52</fpage>
      <lpage>61</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-014136/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Глубокая стимуляция мозга (deep brain stimulation, DBS) является одним из наиболее эффективных методов функциональной нейрохирургии у тщательно отобранных пациентов с продвинутой болезнью Паркинсона. Клинический эффект DBS определяется не только выраженностью исходного паркинсонического синдрома, но и выбором мишени, анатомическим положением электродов, параметрами стимуляции и характером аксиальной симптоматики. Клинический случай. Представлен мужчина 44 лет с болезнью Паркинсона длительностью около 17 лет, тремор-ригидной формой с выраженным постурально-кинетическим компонентом. В клинической картине преобладали постоянный тремор конечностей, гипокинезия, мышечная ригидность, гипомимия, freezing of gait, пропульсия, ретропульсия, латеропульсия, нарушение равновесия и повторные падения. Заболевание соответствовало IV стадии по Hoehn–Yahr, функциональный статус по Karnofsky составлял 70 баллов. 28 августа 2025 года пациенту выполнена двусторонняя frame-based DBS задневентролатеральной таламической области с использованием стереотаксической системы Zamorano–Duchovny, MSCT-based registration, Medtronic DBS navigation и C-arm контроля. После имплантации выполнено программирование нейростимулятора и структурированная нейрореабилитация. Динамическая оценка включала MDS-UPDRS, PDQ-39, MoCA, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go и Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Заключение. Двусторонняя таламическая DBS может обеспечивать выраженное подавление инвалидизирующего тремора при продвинутой тремор-ригидной форме болезни Паркинсона, однако контроль брадикинезии, ригидности и особенно аксиальных нарушений требует комплексного программирования и нейрореабилитации.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Background. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established functional neurosurgical treatment for carefully selected patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Clinical outcome depends on target selection, electrode localization, stimulation parameters, phenotype, and the severity of axial manifestations. Case Report. We describe a 44-year-old man with an approximately 17-year history of tremor-rigid PD with a prominent postural-kinetic component. His neurological phenotype included severe limb tremor, hypokinesia, muscular rigidity, hypomimia, freezing of gait, propulsion, retropulsion, lateropulsion, impaired balance, and recurrent falls. Disease severity corresponded to Hoehn–Yahr stage IV, with a Karnofsky Performance Status of 70. On August 28, 2025, bilateral frame-based DBS of the posterior ventrolateral thalamic region was performed using a Zamorano–Duchovny stereotactic system, MSCT-based registration, Medtronic DBS navigation, and intraoperative C-arm verification. The intracranial leads were connected to a subcutaneous implantable pulse generator placed in the right upper chest. Postoperative management included individualized stimulation programming, pharmacological adjustment, gait and balance rehabilitation, and longitudinal assessment using MDS-UPDRS, PDQ-39, MoCA, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, and the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Conclusion. Bilateral motor thalamic DBS may provide substantial tremor suppression in advanced tremor-rigid PD. In patients with prominent axial dysfunction, however, optimal outcome requires a multimodal strategy integrating stereotactic accuracy, individualized programming, medication adjustment, and structured neurorehabilitation.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Kirish. Miyaning chuqur stimulyatsiyasi (DBS) Parkinson kasalligining rivojlangan bosqichlarida to‘g‘ri tanlangan bemorlar uchun samarali funksional neyroxirurgik davolash usuli hisoblanadi. Davolash natijasi stimulyatsiya nishoni, elektrodlarning anatomik joylashuvi, stimulyatsiya parametrlari va aksial motor buzilishlarning og‘irligiga bog‘liq. Klinik holat. 44 yoshli erkak bemorda Parkinson kasalligi taxminan 17 yil davom etgan. Klinik ko‘rinish tremor-rigid shakl va yaqqol postural-kinetik komponent bilan xarakterlangan. Bemorda qo‘l-oyoqlarda kuchli tremor, gipokineziya, mushak rigidligi, gipomimiya, freezing of gait, propulsiya, retropulsiya, lateropulsiya, muvozanat buzilishi va takroriy yiqilishlar kuzatilgan. Hoehn–Yahr bo‘yicha IV bosqich, Karnofsky shkalasi bo‘yicha 70 ball qayd etilgan. 2025-yil 28-avgust kuni Zamorano–Duchovny stereotaktik tizimi, MSKT asosidagi ro‘yxatga olish, Medtronic DBS navigatsiyasi va C-arm nazorati yordamida talamusning orqa ventrolateral sohasiga ikki tomonlama DBS bajarilgan. Keyingi davrda stimulyator individual dasturlangan, farmakoterapiya moslashtirilgan va strukturaviy neyroreabilitatsiya o‘tkazilgan. Xulosa. Rivojlangan tremor-rigid Parkinson kasalligida ikki tomonlama talamik DBS yaqqol tremorni sezilarli kamaytirishi mumkin. Aksial simptomlar mavjud bemorlarda optimal natijaga erishish uchun DBS, dori terapiyasi va neyroreabilitatsiyani kompleks ravishda olib borish zarur.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd>
        <kwd>глубокая стимуляция мозга</kwd>
        <kwd>DBS</kwd>
        <kwd>таламус</kwd>
        <kwd>вентролатеральное ядро</kwd>
        <kwd>тремор</kwd>
        <kwd>ригидность</kwd>
        <kwd>freezing of gait</kwd>
        <kwd>стереотаксия</kwd>
        <kwd>нейрореабилитация</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Parkinson disease</kwd>
        <kwd>deep brain stimulation</kwd>
        <kwd>DBS</kwd>
        <kwd>motor thalamus</kwd>
        <kwd>ventrolateral thalamus</kwd>
        <kwd>tremor</kwd>
        <kwd>rigidity</kwd>
        <kwd>freezing of gait</kwd>
        <kwd>stereotactic neurosurgery</kwd>
        <kwd>neurorehabilitation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>Parkinson kasalligi</kwd>
        <kwd>DBS</kwd>
        <kwd>miyaning chuqur stimulyatsiyasi</kwd>
        <kwd>talamus</kwd>
        <kwd>tremor</kwd>
        <kwd>rigidlik</kwd>
        <kwd>yurish muzlashi</kwd>
        <kwd>stereotaksiya</kwd>
        <kwd>neyroreabilitatsiya</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="r1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Bloem, B. R., Okun, M. S., &amp; Klein, C. (2021). Parkinson’s disease. The Lancet, 397(10291), 2284–2303.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C. M., et al. (2017). Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 17013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Simon, D. K., Tanner, C. M., &amp; Brundin, P. (2020). Parkinson disease epidemiology, pathology, genetics, and pathophysiology. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 36(1), 1–12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Petersen, J. J., Kamp, C. B., Faltermeier, P., et al. (2024). Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Systematic review with meta- analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ Medicine, 3(1), e000705. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000705</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Deuschl, G., Schade-Brittinger, C., Krack, P., et al. (2006). A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(9), 896–908.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>Weaver, F. M., Follett, K., Stern, M., et al. (2009). Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson disease. JAMA, 301(1), 63–73.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>Williams, A., Gill, S., Varma, T., et al. (2010). Deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurology, 9(6), 581–591.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>Wagle Shukla, A., Bange, M., &amp; Muthuraman, M. (2025). Patient, target, device, and program selection for DBS in Parkinson’s disease: Advancing toward precision care. npj Parkinson’s Disease, 11, 195. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41531-025-01015-x</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>Cury, R. G., Fraix, V., Castrioto, A., et al. (2017). Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor in Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Neurology, 89(13), 1416–1423. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0000000000004295</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>Morton, A., Fraser, H., Green, C., &amp; Drovandi, A. (2024). Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in improving balance in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurgery, 186, 242–251.e3. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.021</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>Janssen Daalen, J. M., Selvaraj, A., Arnts, H., et al. (2025). Gait and balance worsening after bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. BMJ Neurology Open, 7, e000898.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nogueira, L. O., Corso, A. M. S., Dallé, L. D. C., et al. (2025). Long- term quality of life trend after subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 12(5), 577–587. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/mdc3.70025</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ning, J., Lv, X., You, J., Zhou, X., An, C., &amp; Zhou, Z. (2026). Neuropsychological outcomes comparing deep brain stimulation and best medical treatment for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, 1865587. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1865587</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>Xu, H., Wan, X., Tu, Q., Chen, H., Tong, M., Xu, Z., &amp; Cai, D. (2025). Effect of deep brain stimulation on motor complications in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 19, 1684229.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>Guo, Y., Zhang, Z., &amp; Hou, Y. (2026). Effects of different types of deep brain stimulation on gait disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 17, 1723706.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>El Ghazal, R., Al Sabbakh, N. K., et al. (2023). The effects of deep brain stimulation on mood and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>Murcia Carretero, S., Petermann, K., Debove, I., et al. (2024). Quality of life after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: Does the target matter? Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 11(11), 1379– 1387.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ernst, M., Folkerts, A. K., Gollan, R., et al. (2024). Physical exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD013856.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ferriero, G., Magro, V. M., Ferrara, P. E., et al. (2025). Deep-brain stimulation and intensive rehabilitation in a patient with Parkinson disease: A case report. American Journal of Case Reports, 26, e946308.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>Naro, A., Pignolo, L., Sorbera, C., et al. (2020). Rhythmic auditory stimulation-assisted gait training and conventional physiotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease submitted to deep brain stimulation. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 794.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>Goetz, C. G., Tilley, B. C., Shaftman, S. R., et al. (2008). Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Movement Disorders, 23(15), 2129–2170.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>Bloem, B. R., Okun, M. S., &amp; Klein, C. (2021). Parkinson’s disease. The Lancet, 397(10291), 2284–2303.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C. M., et al. (2017). Parkinson disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 17013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>Simon, D. K., Tanner, C. M., &amp; Brundin, P. (2020). Parkinson disease epidemiology, pathology, genetics, and pathophysiology. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 36(1), 1–12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>Petersen, J. J., Kamp, C. B., Faltermeier, P., et al. (2024). Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Systematic review with meta- analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ Medicine, 3(1), e000705. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000705</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>Deuschl, G., Schade-Brittinger, C., Krack, P., et al. (2006). A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(9), 896–908.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation>Weaver, F. M., Follett, K., Stern, M., et al. (2009). Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson disease. JAMA, 301(1), 63–73.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation>Williams, A., Gill, S., Varma, T., et al. (2010). Deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurology, 9(6), 581–591.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation>Wagle Shukla, A., Bange, M., &amp; Muthuraman, M. (2025). Patient, target, device, and program selection for DBS in Parkinson’s disease: Advancing toward precision care. npj Parkinson’s Disease, 11, 195. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41531-025-01015-x</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation>Cury, R. G., Fraix, V., Castrioto, A., et al. (2017). Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor in Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Neurology, 89(13), 1416–1423. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0000000000004295</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation>Morton, A., Fraser, H., Green, C., &amp; Drovandi, A. (2024). Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in improving balance in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurgery, 186, 242–251.e3. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.021</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation>Janssen Daalen, J. M., Selvaraj, A., Arnts, H., et al. (2025). Gait and balance worsening after bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. BMJ Neurology Open, 7, e000898.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation>Nogueira, L. O., Corso, A. M. S., Dallé, L. D. C., et al. (2025). Long- term quality of life trend after subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 12(5), 577–587. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/mdc3.70025</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ning, J., Lv, X., You, J., Zhou, X., An, C., &amp; Zhou, Z. (2026). Neuropsychological outcomes comparing deep brain stimulation and best medical treatment for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, 1865587. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1865587</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation>Xu, H., Wan, X., Tu, Q., Chen, H., Tong, M., Xu, Z., &amp; Cai, D. (2025). Effect of deep brain stimulation on motor complications in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 19, 1684229.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation>Guo, Y., Zhang, Z., &amp; Hou, Y. (2026). Effects of different types of deep brain stimulation on gait disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 17, 1723706.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation>El Ghazal, R., Al Sabbakh, N. K., et al. (2023). The effects of deep brain stimulation on mood and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation>Murcia Carretero, S., Petermann, K., Debove, I., et al. (2024). Quality of life after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: Does the target matter? Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 11(11), 1379– 1387.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ernst, M., Folkerts, A. K., Gollan, R., et al. (2024). Physical exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD013856.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ferriero, G., Magro, V. M., Ferrara, P. E., et al. (2025). Deep-brain stimulation and intensive rehabilitation in a patient with Parkinson disease: A case report. American Journal of Case Reports, 26, e946308.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation>Naro, A., Pignolo, L., Sorbera, C., et al. (2020). Rhythmic auditory stimulation-assisted gait training and conventional physiotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease submitted to deep brain stimulation. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 794.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation>Goetz, C. G., Tilley, B. C., Shaftman, S. R., et al. (2008). Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Movement Disorders, 23(15), 2129–2170.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
