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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/refocus.v5i9.0903</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-014134</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="uz">Kimmerle anomaliyasi: kashf etilish tarixi, tasnifi va klinik qarashlarning evolyutsiyasi</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Kimmerle anomaly: history of discovery, classification, and evolution of clinical concepts</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Аномалия Киммерле: история открытия, классификация и эволюция клинических представлений</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>UMMATQULOVA</surname>
            <given-names>Shaxzoda To‘lqin qizi</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti huzuridagi Neyroxirurgiya va neyroreabilitatsiya ixtisoslashtirilgan ilmiy-amaliy markazi, Samarqand, O‘zbekiston</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ALIYEV</surname>
            <given-names>Mansur Abduxoliqovich</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti huzuridagi Neyroxirurgiya va neyroreabilitatsiya ixtisoslashtirilgan ilmiy-amaliy markazi, Samarqand, O‘zbekiston</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>33</fpage>
      <lpage>42</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>Ushbu asar Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International litsenziyasi asosida litsenziyalangan.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-014134/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Dolzarblik. Kimmerle anomaliyasi atlasning posterior yoyida umurtqa arteriyasi egati ustidan o‘tuvchi qisman yoki to‘liq suyak ko‘prigi shakllanishi bilan tavsiflanadigan kraniovertebral anatomik variantdir. Ushbu tuzilma XIX–XX asrlarda avvalo anatomik va rentgenologik topilma sifatida o‘rganilgan bo‘lsa, keyinchalik uning vertebral arteriyaning V3 segmenti, suboksipital nerv va kraniovertebral jarrohlik anatomiyasi bilan munosabati klinik qiziqishni oshirdi. Zamonaviy tasvirlash usullari anomaliyani oddiy “bor yoki yo‘q” shaklida baholashdan ko‘p komponentli morfologik va funksional fenotiplashga o‘tish imkonini berdi. Material va usullar. Kimmerle anomaliyasining anatomik tavsifi, terminologiyasi, epidemiologiyasi, morfologik klassifikatsiyasi, radiologik diagnostikasi, vertebral arteriya bilan o‘zaro munosabati va jarrohlik ahamiyatiga bag‘ishlangan klassik va zamonaviy ilmiy manbalar strukturaviy narrativ usulda tahlil qilindi. Tarixiy anatomik-rentgenologik ishlar zamonaviy KT, KT-angiografiya, morfometrik tadqiqotlar, sistematik sharhlar va meta-tahlillar bilan solishtirildi. Natijalar. Kimmerle anomaliyasi haqidagi ilmiy qarashlar bir necha bosqichda rivojlangan: anatomik variantni tavsiflash, rentgenologik identifikatsiya, populyatsion prevalensiyani o‘rganish, complete va incomplete shakllarni tasniflash, C1 instrumental fiksatsiyasidagi jarrohlik xavfini anglash va nihoyat dinamik neyrovaskulyar konflikt konsepsiyasiga o‘tish. Zamonaviy adabiyotlar morfologik mavjudlikning o‘zi simptomlarning sababiyligini isbotlamasligini ko‘rsatadi. Klinik ahamiyat morfologiya, vertebral arteriya anatomiyasi, simptomlarning reproduktivligi va funksional gemodinamik o‘zgarishlar birgalikda mavjud bo‘lganda oshadi. Xulosa. Kimmerle anomaliyasi haqidagi tushuncha oddiy atlas anatomik variantidan individual morfologik, vaskulyar va jarrohlik xususiyatlariga ega kraniovertebral fenotip konsepsiyasigacha evolyutsiya qilgan. Zamonaviy klinik yondashuvda terminologik aniqlik, morfologik klassifikatsiya va simptomatik holatlarni tasodifiy topilmalardan ajratish asosiy ahamiyatga ega.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Background. Kimmerle anomaly is an anatomical variant of the atlas characterized by formation of a partial or complete osseous bridge over the vertebral artery groove on the posterior arch of C1. Initially regarded predominantly as an anatomical and radiographic curiosity, the anomaly subsequently attracted clinical interest because of its close relationship with the V3 segment of the vertebral artery, the suboccipital nerve, and the surgical anatomy of the craniovertebral junction. Materials and Methods. A structured narrative review of classical and contemporary publications addressing the historical description, terminology, epidemiology, morphological classification, radiological evaluation, vascular relationships, and surgical relevance of Kimmerle anomaly was performed. Historical anatomical and radiographic studies were compared with modern CT, CT angiographic, morphometric, systematic-review, and meta-analytic evidence. Results. Concepts regarding Kimmerle anomaly evolved from recognition of an anatomical bony bridge to radiographic identification, epidemiological characterization, morphological classification, appreciation of C1 instrumentation-related risk, and, more recently, assessment of potential dynamic neurovascular conflict. Classification systems progressed from simple complete/incomplete forms to laterality-based, morphometric, and vascularly oriented phenotypes. Contemporary evidence emphasizes that morphological presence alone does not demonstrate symptom causality. Conclusion. The concept of Kimmerle anomaly has evolved from a simple atlas variant into a patient-specific craniovertebral phenotype with morphological, vascular, neurological, and surgical dimensions. Contemporary clinical interpretation requires separation of incidental anatomy from surgically significant morphology and dynamically verified symptomatic neurovascular conflict.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Актуальность. Аномалия Киммерле представляет собой анатомический вариант атланта, характеризующийся формированием частичного или полного костного мостика над бороздой позвоночной артерии на задней дуге C1. Первоначально данная особенность рассматривалась преимущественно как анатомическая и рентгенологическая находка. В дальнейшем изучение ее взаимоотношений с V3-сегментом позвоночной артерии, субокципитальным нервом и хирургической анатомией краниовертебрального перехода привело к существенному пересмотру клинического значения аномалии. Материалы и методы. Проведен структурированный нарративный анализ классических и современных публикаций, посвященных истории описания, терминологии, эпидемиологии, морфологической классификации, лучевой диагностике, сосудистым взаимоотношениям и хирургическому значению аномалии Киммерле. Исторические анатомические и рентгенологические исследования сопоставлены с современными КТ-, КТ-ангиографическими, морфометрическими исследованиями, систематическими обзорами и метаанализами. Результаты. Представления об аномалии Киммерле прошли последовательную эволюцию от описания костного мостика как анатомической вариации до современного понимания его как потенциально значимого элемента краниовертебральной нейроваскулярной анатомии. Были сформированы классификации по полноте костного моста, стороне поражения, морфологии канала и взаимоотношению с позвоночной артерией. Особое значение аномалия приобрела после широкого внедрения инструментальной фиксации C1–C2. Современный подход не допускает автоматического отождествления морфологической находки с симптоматическим синдромом. Заключение. Современная концепция аномалии Киммерле основана на разграничении случайного анатомического варианта, хирургически значимой морфологии и клинически значимого динамического нейроваскулярного конфликта.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>Kimmerle anomaliyasi</kwd>
        <kwd>orqa yoy</kwd>
        <kwd>arcuate foramen</kwd>
        <kwd>atlas</kwd>
        <kwd>C1</kwd>
        <kwd>vertebral arteriya</kwd>
        <kwd>V3 segment</kwd>
        <kwd>kraniovertebral birikma</kwd>
        <kwd>tasnif</kwd>
        <kwd>tarix</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Kimmerle anomaly</kwd>
        <kwd>ponticulus posticus</kwd>
        <kwd>arcuate foramen</kwd>
        <kwd>atlas</kwd>
        <kwd>vertebral artery</kwd>
        <kwd>V3 segment</kwd>
        <kwd>craniovertebral junction</kwd>
        <kwd>classification</kwd>
        <kwd>history</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>аномалия Киммерле</kwd>
        <kwd>ponticulus posticus</kwd>
        <kwd>arcuate foramen</kwd>
        <kwd>атлант</kwd>
        <kwd>позвоночная артерия</kwd>
        <kwd>V3-сегмент</kwd>
        <kwd>краниовертебральный переход</kwd>
        <kwd>классификация</kwd>
        <kwd>история</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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