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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v1i4.2928</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-013864</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">GEOMETRIC MODELING AND VISUALIZATION OF 2D AND 3D FRACTAL STRUCTURED SHAPES</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ 2D И 3D ФРАКТАЛЬНЫХ СТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫХ ФОРМ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>2D VA 3D FRAKTAL TUZILMALI SHAKLLARNI GEOMETRIK MODELLASHTIRISH VA VIZUALLASHTIRISH</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Shaxzoda Shonazarova Toxir qizi</string-name>
          <aff>Master of Tashkent University of Information Technologies</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>56</fpage>
      <lpage>75</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-013864/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Cities are complex systems and their physical forms are the manifestation of cultural, social and economic processes shaped by the geometry of natural and man-made elements. Digital Surface Models (DSM) using LiDAR provide an efficient volumetric transformation of urban fabric including all built and natural elements which allows the study of urban complexity through the lens of fractal dimension (D). Founded on the “box-counting” method, we reveal a voxelization technique developed in GIS (Geographic Information System) to estimate D values of ten DSM samples across central Melbourne. Estimated D values of surface models (between 2 and 3) provide a measure to interpret the structural complexity of different urban characters defined by the pattern of developments and densities. The correlations between D values with other DSM properties such as elevation, volume, solar radiation and surface roughness, showed a strong relationship between DSM volume and mean elevation. Lower strength correlations were recorded with solar radiation and surface roughness. The proposed method provides opportunities for fractal research to study pressing issues in complex urban environments such as declining physical fitness, mental health and urban biodiversity.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Города представляют собой сложные системы, а их физические формы являются проявлением культурных, социальных и экономических процессов, сформированных геометрией природных и антропогенных элементов. Цифровые модели поверхности (DSM) с использованием LiDAR обеспечивают эффективное объемное преобразование городской ткани, включая все искусственные и природные элементы, что позволяет изучать сложность города через призму фрактальной размерности (D). Основываясь на методе «подсчета ящиков», мы раскрываем метод вокселизации, разработанный в ГИС (Географическая информационная система) для оценки значений D десяти образцов DSM в центральном Мельбурне. Оценочные значения D моделей поверхности (между 2 и 3) обеспечивают меру для интерпретации структурной сложности различных городских характеристик, определяемых характером застройки и плотностью. Корреляции между значениями DSM и другими свойствами DSM, такими как высота, объем, солнечное излучение и шероховатость поверхности, показали сильную связь между объемом DSM и средней высотой. Более низкие корреляции прочности были зарегистрированы с солнечным излучением и шероховатостью поверхности. Предлагаемый метод предоставляет возможности для фрактальных исследований для изучения насущных проблем в сложной городской среде, таких как снижение физической формы, психического здоровья и городского биоразнообразия.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Shaharlar murakkab tizimlar bo‘lib, ularning jismoniy shakllari tabiiy va inson tomonidan yaratilgan elementlar geometriyasi bilan shakllangan madaniy, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy jarayonlarning namoyon bo‘lishidir. LiDAR dan foydalanilgan raqamli sirt modellari (DSM) shahar to‘qimasining barcha qurilgan va tabiiy elementlarni o‘z ichiga olgan holda samarali hajmiy o‘zgartirilishini ta‘minlaydi, bu esa shahar murakkabligini fraktal o‘lcham (D) prizmasi orqali o‘rganish imkonini beradi. “Qutilarni sanash” usuliga asoslanib, biz markaziy Melburn bo‘ylab olingan o‘nta DSM namunasining D qiymatlarini baholash uchun GIS (Geografik axborot tizimi)da ishlab chiqilgan vokselizatsiya usulini ochib beramiz. Sirt modellarining baholangan D qiymatlari (2 va 3 oralig‘ida) qurilishlar tartibi va zichliklar bilan belgilanadigan turli shahar xarakterlarining tuzilmaviy murakkabligini talqin qilish uchun o‘lchov beradi. D qiymatlarining balandlik, hajm, quyosh radiatsiyasi va sirt g‘adir-budurligi kabi boshqa DSM xususiyatlari bilan korrelyatsiyalari DSM hajmi va o‘rtacha balandlik o‘rtasida kuchli bog‘liqlikni ko‘rsatdi. Quyosh radiatsiyasi va sirt g‘adir-budurligi bilan kuchsizroq korrelyatsiyalar qayd etildi. Taklif etilgan usul fraktal tadqiqotlar uchun murakkab shahar muhitidagi jismoniy tayyorgarlik, ruhiy salomatlik va shahar biologik xilma-xilligining pasayishi kabi dolzarb muammolarni o‘rganish imkoniyatlarini yaratadi.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>fractal dimension</kwd>
        <kwd>structural complexity</kwd>
        <kwd>urban fabric</kwd>
        <kwd>voxel</kwd>
        <kwd>DSM</kwd>
        <kwd>LiDAR</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>фрактальная размерность</kwd>
        <kwd>структурная сложность</kwd>
        <kwd>городская ткань</kwd>
        <kwd>воксель</kwd>
        <kwd>ДСМ</kwd>
        <kwd>Лидар</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>fraktal o‘lcham</kwd>
        <kwd>tuzilmaviy murakkablik</kwd>
        <kwd>shahar to‘qimasi</kwd>
        <kwd>voksel</kwd>
        <kwd>DSM</kwd>
        <kwd>LiDAR</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
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</article>
