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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/refocus.v5i7.0711</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-013540</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>16.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs of laminitis in cattle</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Этиология, патогенез и клинические признаки ламинита у крупного рогатого скота</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>Qoramollarda laminitlarning etiologiyasi, patogenezi va klinik belgilari</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>SULAYMANOV</surname>
            <given-names>S. B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Uzbekistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>NIYOZOV</surname>
            <given-names>Kh. B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Uzbekistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>RUZIYEV</surname>
            <given-names>A. I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Uzbekistan</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <fpage>62</fpage>
      <lpage>66</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-013540/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Laminitis is one of the most common orthopaedic diseases affecting high-producing dairy cows and represents a significant economic challenge in modern cattle production. This article presents a review and analysis of national and international scientific literature on the aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of laminitis in cattle. The analysis revealed that the major risk factors contributing to the development of the disease include subacute ruminal acidosis, endotoxaemia, disturbances of microcirculation, nutritional imbalances and inadequate housing conditions. Laminitis induces morphofunctional alterations in the hoof lamellar apparatus, resulting in lameness, reduced milk production and impaired reproductive performance. Early diagnosis of the disease and the improvement of preventive strategies are essential for increasing the economic efficiency and sustainability of cattle farming.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Ламинит является одним из наиболее распространённых ортопедических заболеваний высокопродуктивных молочных коров и представляет значительную экономическую проблему в современном животноводстве. В настоящей статье проведён анализ отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы, посвящённой вопросам этиологии, патогенеза и клинических проявлений ламинита у крупного рогатого скота. По результатам анализа установлено, что основными факторами риска развития заболевания являются субакутный ацидоз рубца, эндотоксемия, нарушения микроциркуляции, погрешности в кормлении, а также несоответствующие условия содержания животных. Развитие ламинита сопровождается морфофункциональными изменениями ламеллярного аппарата копыт, что приводит к возникновению хромоты, снижению молочной продуктивности и ухудшению репродуктивных показателей.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Laminit yuqori mahsuldor sog‘in sigirlarda uchraydigan va katta iqtisodiy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan ortopedik kasalliklardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada qoramollarda laminitning etiologiyasi, patogenezi va klinik belgilari bo‘yicha mahalliy va xorijiy adabiyotlar tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqotlar natijasida kasallikning rivojlanishida subakut rumen atsidozi, endotoksemiya, mikrotsirkulyatsiya buzilishlari, oziqlantirishdagi xatolar hamda saqlash sharoitlarining nomutanosibligi asosiy xavf omillari ekanligi aniqlandi. Laminit tuyoq lamellyar apparatida morfofunksional o‘zgarishlarni keltirib chiqarib, oqsoqlik, sut mahsuldorligining pasayishi va reproduktiv ko‘rsatkichlarning yomonlashishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Kasallikni erta aniqlash va profilaktika chora-tadbirlarini takomillashtirish qoramolchilikda iqtisodiy samaradorlikni oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>cattle</kwd>
        <kwd>laminitis</kwd>
        <kwd>aetiology</kwd>
        <kwd>pathogenesis</kwd>
        <kwd>metabolism</kwd>
        <kwd>pH</kwd>
        <kwd>ruminal acidosis</kwd>
        <kwd>keratinization</kwd>
        <kwd>microcirculation</kwd>
        <kwd>lameness</kwd>
        <kwd>productivity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd>
        <kwd>ламинит</kwd>
        <kwd>этиология</kwd>
        <kwd>патогенез</kwd>
        <kwd>метаболизм</kwd>
        <kwd>pH</kwd>
        <kwd>ацидоз рубца</kwd>
        <kwd>кератинизация</kwd>
        <kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd>
        <kwd>хромота</kwd>
        <kwd>продуктивность</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>qoramol</kwd>
        <kwd>laminit</kwd>
        <kwd>etiologiya</kwd>
        <kwd>patogenez</kwd>
        <kwd>metabolizm</kwd>
        <kwd>pH</kwd>
        <kwd>rumen atsidozi</kwd>
        <kwd>keratinizatsiya</kwd>
        <kwd>mikrotsirkulyatsiya</kwd>
        <kwd>oqsoqlik</kwd>
        <kwd>mahsuldorlik</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
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  </back>
</article>
