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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v4i12.1936</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-013247</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">FORENSIC MEDICAL ASPECTS OF MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGIN OF CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>СУДЕБНО-МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ СУБДУРАЛЬНОЙ ГЕМАТОМЫ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>SURUNKALI SUBDURAL GEMATOMANING MORFOLOGIK TASHXISI VA KELIB CHIQISHINI ANIQLASHNING SUD-TIBBIY JIHATLARI</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Tursunov Jakhongir Gulom ugli</string-name>
          <aff>The specialized scientific and practical center for neurosurgery and neurorehabilitation at Samarkand State Medical University</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>254</fpage>
      <lpage>259</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-013247/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Chronic subdural hematoma is an independent progressive pathological condition of significant clinical and forensic importance. One of the most challenging tasks in forensic medical practice is the determination of the age and origin of chronic subdural hematomas, particularly in cases lacking reliable clinical information about prior traumatic brain injury. This article analyzes current concepts regarding morphological criteria for estimating the age of subdural hemorrhages, the dynamics of their organization, and the formation of encapsulated chronic hematomas. Histological features of hemorrhage resorption and organization are described in detail, including the structural characteristics of the inner and outer membranes, the role of neoangiogenesis, and recurrent microhemorrhages in the progression of chronic subdural hematoma. Special attention is given to the differential diagnosis between traumatic and non-traumatic chronic subdural hematomas from a forensic medical perspective. Practical macroscopic and microscopic criteria are proposed that may assist in presumptive determination of the hematoma‘s origin. The findings presented may enhance the objectivity and evidentiary value of forensic medical conclusions.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Хроническая субдуральная гематома представляет собой самостоятельную прогрессирующую патологию, имеющую существенное клиническое и судебно-медицинское значение. Одной из наиболее сложных задач судебно-медицинской экспертизы является установление возраста и генеза хронической субдуральной гематомы, особенно при отсутствии достоверных клинических данных о перенесённой черепно-мозговой травме. В статье рассмотрены современные представления о морфологических критериях давности субдуральных кровоизлияний, динамике их организации и формировании капсулированных хронических гематом. Подробно описаны гистологические признаки резорбции и организации кровоизлияния, особенности строения внутренней и наружной капсул, роль неоангиогенеза и повторных микрокровоизлияний в прогрессировании хронической субдуральной гематомы. Особое внимание уделено вопросам дифференциальной диагностики травматических и нетравматических хронических субдуральных гематом с позиции судебно-медицинского эксперта. Предложены практические морфологические и макроскопические критерии, позволяющие в ряде случаев предположить генез выявленной хронической субдуральной гематомы. / Представленные данные могут быть использованы в экспертной практике для повышения объективности и обоснованности судебно-медицинских заключений.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Surunkali subdural gematoma klinik va sud-tibbiy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan mustaqil va progressiv patologik jarayon hisoblanadi. Sud-tibbiy ekspertiza amaliyotida eng murakkab masalalardan biri surunkali subdural gematomaning yoshi va kelib chiqishini aniqlash bo‘lib, ayniqsa bosh miya shikastlanishi to‘g‘risida ishonchli klinik ma‘lumotlar mavjud bo‘lmaganda bu vazifa yanada qiyinlashadi. Ushbu maqolada subdural qon ketishlarning davrini aniqlashga oid morfologik mezonlar, ularning tashkil topish dinamikasi va kapsulalangan surunkali gematomalarning shakllanish bosqichlari yoritilgan. Qon ketishning rezorbsiyasi va tashkil topishining gistologik belgilariga, ichki va tashqi kapsulaning tuzilish xususiyatlariga, neovaskulyarizatsiya va qayta mikroqon ketishlarning surunkali subdural gematoma rivojlanishidagi roliga alohida e‘tibor qaratilgan. Sud-tibbiy nuqtai nazardan travmatik va shikastlanmagan surunkali subdural gematomalarni differensial diagnostika qilish masalalari muhokama qilingan. Aniqlangan gematomaning kelib chiqishini taxminiy baholash imkonini beruvchi amaliy morfologik va makroskopik mezonlar taklif etilgan. Keltirilgan ma‘lumotlar sud-tibbiy ekspertiza xulosalarining obyektivligi va ishonchliligini oshirishga xizmat qilishi mumkin.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>chronic subdural hematoma</kwd>
        <kwd>forensic medicine</kwd>
        <kwd>morphological diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>hemorrhage dating</kwd>
        <kwd>traumatic origin</kwd>
        <kwd>non-traumatic origin</kwd>
        <kwd>hematoma capsule</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>хроническая субдуральная гематома</kwd>
        <kwd>судебная медицина</kwd>
        <kwd>морфологическая диагностика</kwd>
        <kwd>давность кровоизлияния</kwd>
        <kwd>травматическое происхождение</kwd>
        <kwd>нетравматическое происхождение</kwd>
        <kwd>капсула гематомы</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>surunkali subdural gematoma</kwd>
        <kwd>sud-tibbiy ekspertiza</kwd>
        <kwd>morfologik diagnostika</kwd>
        <kwd>qon ketish davri</kwd>
        <kwd>travmatik kelib chiqish</kwd>
        <kwd>shikastlanmagan kelib chiqish</kwd>
        <kwd>gematoma kapsulasi</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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</article>
