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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v4i11.1860</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-013176</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">COURSE OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN PATIENTS AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF 23 CASES</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>ТЕЧЕНИЕ ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИПАДКОВ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПОСЛЕ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМЫ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ 23 СЛУЧАЕВ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>BOSH MIYA JAROHATIDAN KEYIN BEMORLARDA EPILEPTIK XURUJLARNING KECHISHI: 23 HOLATNING KLINIK KUZATUVLARI</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Aliev Mansur Abdukholikovich</string-name>
          <aff>Specialized Scientific And Practical Center For Neurosurgery And Neurorehabilitation At The Samarkand State Medical University</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>226</fpage>
      <lpage>235</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-013176/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most disabling long-term complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite progress in acute neurotrauma care, epileptic seizures remain a major cause of morbidity, drug resistance, and impaired quality of life among survivors.</p>
        <p>Objective: To analyze the course, clinical features, and outcomes of epileptic seizures in patients with TBI.</p>
        <p>Methods: A total of 23 patients with post-traumatic seizures were observed for a mean follow-up of 24 months. Clinical data, electroencephalography (EEG), and neuroimaging findings were assessed. Seizures were classified according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE 2017). Treatment outcomes and the rate of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) were evaluated.</p>
        <p>Results: Early post-traumatic seizures occurred in 30.4% of patients, while late seizures predominated (69.6%). Generalized tonic–clonic seizures were the most frequent type (51.2%). EEG abnormalities were present in 78.3% of cases, most often localized to the temporal lobes. Cortical contusions and hematomas were the leading imaging correlates. Levetiracetam was the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug (60.8%). Seizure control was achieved in 65.2% of patients, whereas 34.8% developed DRE. Psychiatric comorbidities (depression and anxiety) were reported in 26.1%.</p>
        <p>Conclusion: Epileptic seizures after TBI are predominantly late in onset and frequently associated with temporal lobe lesions. Approximately one-third of patients develop drug resistance, underscoring the need for early risk stratification, individualized therapy, and preventive strategies to reduce the burden of PTE.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Посттравматическая эпилепсия (ПТЭ) является одним из наиболее инвалидизирующих отдалённых осложнений черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ). Несмотря на прогресс в оказании помощи при острой нейротравме, эпилептические припадки остаются основной причиной заболеваемости, лекарственной резистентности и снижения качества жизни у выживших. Цель: проанализировать течение, клинические особенности и исходы эпилептических припадков у пациентов с ЧМТ. Методы: под наблюдением находились 23 пациента с посттравматическими припадками при среднем сроке наблюдения 24 месяца. Оценивались клинические данные, результаты электроэнцефалографии (ЭЭГ) и нейровизуализации. Припадки классифицировались согласно классификации Международной противоэпилептической лиги (ILAE 2017). Оценивались результаты лечения и частота фармакорезистентной эпилепсии (ФРЭ). Результаты: ранние посттравматические припадки возникли у 30.4% пациентов, тогда как преобладали поздние припадки (69.6%). Генерализованные тонико-клонические припадки были наиболее частым типом (51.2%). Изменения на ЭЭГ выявлены в 78.3% случаев, наиболее часто с локализацией в височных долях. Ведущими нейровизуализационными коррелятами были корковые ушибы и гематомы. Леветирацетам был наиболее часто назначаемым противоэпилептическим препаратом (60.8%). Контроль над припадками достигнут у 65.2% пациентов, тогда как у 34.8% развилась ФРЭ. Психиатрическая коморбидность (депрессия и тревога) отмечена в 26.1%. Заключение: эпилептические припадки после ЧМТ преимущественно имеют позднее начало и часто связаны с поражениями височной доли. Приблизительно у одной трети пациентов развивается лекарственная резистентность, что подчёркивает необходимость ранней стратификации риска, индивидуализированной терапии и профилактических стратегий для снижения бремени ПТЭ.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Posttravmatik epilepsiya (PTE) bosh miya jarohatining (BMJ) eng ko‘p nogironlikka olib keluvchi uzoq muddatli asoratlaridan biridir. O‘tkir neyrotravma yordamidagi yutuqlarga qaramay, epileptik xurujlar omon qolganlarda kasallanish, dori rezistentligi va hayot sifatining pasayishining asosiy sababi bo‘lib qolmoqda. Maqsad: BMJ bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda epileptik xurujlarning kechishi, klinik xususiyatlari va natijalarini tahlil qilish. Usullar: posttravmatik xurujlari bo‘lgan jami 23 bemor o‘rtacha 24 oy davomida kuzatildi. Klinik ma‘lumotlar, elektroensefalografiya (EEG) va neyrovizualizatsiya natijalari baholandi. Xurujlar Xalqaro epilepsiyaga qarshi liga tasnifi (ILAE 2017) bo‘yicha guruhlandi. Davolash natijalari va dori rezistent epilepsiya (DRE) chastotasi baholandi. Natijalar: erta posttravmatik xurujlar bemorlarning 30.4% ida uchradi, kech xurujlar esa ustunlik qildi (69.6%). Generallashgan toniko-klonik xurujlar eng ko‘p uchraydigan tur bo‘ldi (51.2%). EEG o‘zgarishlari holatlarning 78.3% ida, ko‘pincha chakka bo‘laklarida aniqlandi. Po‘stloq lat yeyishlari va gematomalar yetakchi vizualizatsion korrelyatlar bo‘ldi. Levetirasetam eng ko‘p buyurilgan epilepsiyaga qarshi dori bo‘ldi (60.8%). Xurujlar nazorati bemorlarning 65.2% ida erishildi, 34.8% ida esa DRE rivojlandi. Psixiatrik komorbidlik (depressiya va xavotir) 26.1% da qayd etildi. Xulosa: BMJ dan keyingi epileptik xurujlar asosan kech boshlanadi va ko‘pincha chakka bo‘lagi shikastlanishlari bilan bog‘liq. Bemorlarning taxminan uchdan birida dori rezistentligi rivojlanadi, bu esa PTE yukini kamaytirish uchun erta xavf stratifikatsiyasi, individuallashtirilgan terapiya va profilaktik strategiyalar zarurligini ta‘kidlaydi.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd>
        <kwd>post-traumatic epilepsy</kwd>
        <kwd>epileptic seizures</kwd>
        <kwd>EEG</kwd>
        <kwd>neuroimaging</kwd>
        <kwd>drug-resistant epilepsy</kwd>
        <kwd>quality of life</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd>
        <kwd>посттравматическая эпилепсия</kwd>
        <kwd>эпилептические приступы</kwd>
        <kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd>
        <kwd>нейровизуализация</kwd>
        <kwd>фармакорезистентная эпилепсия</kwd>
        <kwd>качество жизни</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>bosh miya jarohati</kwd>
        <kwd>posttravmatik epilepsiya</kwd>
        <kwd>epileptik xurujlar</kwd>
        <kwd>EEG</kwd>
        <kwd>neyrovizualizatsiya</kwd>
        <kwd>dorilarga chidamli epilepsiya</kwd>
        <kwd>hayot sifati</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
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