<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD with MathML3 v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v4i11.1828</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-013144</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>02.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE 2,5-DIPHENYLOXAZOLE (PPO) MOLECULE USING QUANTUM CHEMICAL METHODS</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ И СПЕКТРАЛЬНЫХ СВОЙСТВ МОЛЕКУЛЫ 2,5-ДИФЕНИЛОКСАЗОЛА (PPO) С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КВАНТОВО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>2,5-DIFENILOKSAZOL (PPO) MOLEKULASINING ELEKTRON TUZILISHI VA SPEKTRAL XOSSALARINI KVANT-KIMYOVIY USULLAR YORDAMIDA NAZARIY TADQIQ ETISH</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>X.Z.Botirov, U.J. Turdiyev, T.Y. Murodov</string-name>
          <aff>Karshi State University</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>I.A. Raxmatullayev</string-name>
          <aff>Alfraganus University</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>P. Xong</string-name>
          <aff>Anqing Normal University</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>41</fpage>
      <lpage>48</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-013144/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This theoretical study is aimed at investigating the geometric, electronic and spectral properties of the 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) molecule, which is widely used as a primary organic scintillator in high-energy radiation detectors. In this study quantum chemical methods were used, in particular density functional theory (DFT) with the hybrid B3LYP functional and the 3-21+G* basis set. The calculations were performed with the Gaussian 09 software package, as a result of which the optimal geometry of the molecule and the global minimum energy (-704.379679 Hartree or -19167.1473 eV) were determined. The results show that the PPO molecule possesses high stability, which is confirmed by the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 4.18 eV (or 0.15362 Hartree).</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>в данном теоретическое исследование направлено на изучение геометрических, электронных и спектральных свойств молекулы 2,5-дифенилоксазола (PPO), которая широко используется в качестве первичного органического сцинтиллятора в детекторах высокоэнергетического излучения. В данном исследовании были использованы квантово-химические методы, в частности, теория функционала плотности (DFT) с использованием гибридного функционала B3LYP и базиса 3-21+G*. Расчеты были выполнены с помощью программного пакета Gaussian 09, в результате чего была определена оптимальная геометрия молекулы и глобальная минимальная энергия (-704,379679 Хартри или -19167,1473 эВ). Результаты показывают, что молекула PPO обладает высокой стабильностью, что подтверждается энергетической щелью HOMO-LUMO 4,18 эВ (или 0,15362 Хартри).</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Ushbu nazariy tadqiqot yuqori energiyali nurlanish detektorlarida birlamchi organik stsintillyator sifatida keng qo‘llaniladigan 2,5-difeniloksazol (PPO) molekulasining geometrik, elektron va spektral xossalarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqotda kvant-kimyoviy usullar, xususan gibrid B3LYP funksionali va 3-21+G* bazisidan foydalangan holda zichlik funksionali nazariyasi (DFT) qo‘llanildi. Hisoblashlar Gaussian 09 dasturiy paketi yordamida bajarilib, natijada molekulaning optimal geometriyasi va global minimal energiyasi (-704,379679 Xartri yoki -19167,1473 eV) aniqlandi. Natijalar PPO molekulasi yuqori barqarorlikka ega ekanini ko‘rsatadi, buni 4,18 eV (yoki 0,15362 Xartri) ni tashkil etuvchi HOMO-LUMO energetik tirqishi tasdiqlaydi.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>PPO</kwd>
        <kwd>DFT</kwd>
        <kwd>Gaussian 09</kwd>
        <kwd>HOMO-LUMO</kwd>
        <kwd>infrared spectrum</kwd>
        <kwd>Raman spectrum</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>PPO</kwd>
        <kwd>DFT</kwd>
        <kwd>Gaussian 09</kwd>
        <kwd>HOMO-LUMO</kwd>
        <kwd>инфракрасный спектр</kwd>
        <kwd>спектр Рамана</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>PPO</kwd>
        <kwd>DFT</kwd>
        <kwd>Gaussian 09</kwd>
        <kwd>HOMO-LUMO</kwd>
        <kwd>infraqizil spektr</kwd>
        <kwd>Raman spektri</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="r1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Sangeun Cho,Sungwoo Kim, Jongmin Kim, Yongcheol Jo, Ilhwan Ryu, Seongsu Hong, Jae- Joon Lee, Seung Nam Cha, Eun Bi Nam, Sang Uck Lee, Sam Kyu Noh, Hyungsang Kim, Jung won Kwak “Hybridisation of perovskite nanocrystals with organic molecules for highly efficient liquid scintillators”. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41377-020-00391-8</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hirokazu Miyoshi, Mami Nakamura, Elizabeth M. Tsekrekas, and Luiz G. Jacobsohn. “Paper Scintillator Incorporated with Scintillator−Silica Fine Powders: Photophysical Characterization and Proof of Concept Demonstration of Tritium Detection” https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/acsomega.4c01901</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gilad Karpel, Ruida Zhou, Shoham Sabach, Mohammad Ghavamzadeh. Directional-Clamp PPO https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48550/arXiv.2511.02577</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>Hengwei Zhu, Wendy L. Hom, Bingqian Zheng, Jiachun Shen Surita R. Bhatia. “Temperature‐Dependent Structure of Alginate/ PEO – PPO – PEO /Nanoclay Composite Hydrogels” https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/pat.70385</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>Frisch, M. J. et al. Gaussian 09, Revision E.01. (Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT,2013).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>И.А.Рахматуллаев, Х.З.Ботиров, Н.В.Чернега, Х.С.Хайдаров. “Двухфотонно- возбуждаемая люминесценция в полициклических ароматических соединениях”. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59251/2181-1296.2023.v3.139.2.2266</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>Ilyos Rakhmatullaev, Nikolay Bunkin, Isakul Urunov, Tulkin Nurmurodov, and Hayotjon Botirov. “Raman spectra of powders of aromatic compounds” https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1051/epjconf/202532102008</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>И.А. Рахматуллаев, Н.Ф. Бункин, М.Х. Давронов, Х.З. Ботиров, М.Туйчиев, Т.И. Нурмуродов. “Метод регистрации слабых сигналов комбинационного рассеяния в неорганических и органических порошках с использованием фотонных ловушек.” Toshkent shahridagi “MMFI” Milliy tadqiqot yadro universiteti filiali axborotnomasi 2024/1</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>I.A. Rakhmatullaev, A.K. Kurbonov, Kh.Z. Botirov, S.F. Umanskaya, M.A. Shevchenko, A.N. Maresev, A.D. Kudryavtseva, A.Yu. Pyatyshev, N.V. Tcherniega. Spectral and temporal properties of 5-phenyl-2-[4-(5-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazole (POPOP) multiphoton-excited luminescence. https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jlumin.2023.120098</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>Maxim S. Skorotetcky, Oleg V. Borshchev, Nikolay M. Surin, Yaroslav Odarchenko, Sergey A. Pisarev, Svetlana M. Peregudova, Karl W. Törnroos, Dmitry Chernyshov, Dimitri A. Ivanov, Sergey A. Ponomarenko. “Synthesis and photostability of 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2- yl)benzene (POPOP) structural isomers and their trimethylsilyl derivatives” https://doi.org/<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.02.006</pub-id></mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
