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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v4i2.1337</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-012818</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">PATHOGENETIC PRINCIPLES OF SECONDARY NEUROPROTECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CLOSED CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURIES. (Review article)</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ВТОРИЧНОЙ НЕЙРОПРОТЕКЦИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ЗАКРЫТЫМИ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВЫМИ ТРАВМАМИ. (Обзорная статья)</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>YOPIQ BOSH MIYA JAROHATLAR BILAN KASALLANGAN BEMORLARDA IKKILAMCHI NEYROPROTEKSIYANING PATOGENETIK TAMOYILLARI. (Sharh maqolasi)</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Ibragimov N.K.</string-name>
          <aff>Toshkent Tibbiyot Akademiyasi Anesteziologiya va Reanimatologiya kafedrasi.</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Kenjaev L.T.</string-name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>123</fpage>
      <lpage>136</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-012818/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Closed craniocerebral injury is the main cause of death and severe disability throughout the world. The treatment and rehabilitation of its victims inflict great damage on the budgets of various countries. The psychological and physical burden, the decline in the quality of life and the considerable expenditure can only underline the need for additional, more complex and effective options for managing these patients. The concept of neuroprotection, as a means of achieving a better outcome by making use of the complex pathophysiological changes provoked by ischaemia, has been and remains at the centre of many therapeutic and surgical strategies. Several types of complication that give rise to the various mechanisms of closed craniocerebral injury, from excitotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress to inflammation, have been studied, and most of them have led to disappointment at the clinical stage; at every stage of damage, protection, that is neuroprotection, must be provided in order to prevent one or another pathway of damage or to minimise its consequences. This shows that neuroprotection remains an important treatment tactic. This review gives brief information on the clinically studied methods of neuroprotection, their mechanisms and results, the potential targets of neuroprotection and targeted methods of treatment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Закрытая черепно-мозговая травма является основной причиной смерти и тяжелой инвалидности во всем мире. Лечение и реабилитация жертв ложатся огромным бременем на бюджеты разных стран. Психологическая и физическая нагрузка, снижение качества жизни и значительные расходы могут только подчер кнуть необходимость дополнительных, более сложных и эффективных вариантов лечения этих пациентов. Концепция нейропротекции как средства достижения лучших результатов путем использования сложных патофизиологических изменений, вызванных ишемией, была и остается основой многих терапевтических и хирургических стратегий. Изучено несколько типов осложнений, вызывающих различные механизмы НМЗП, от эксайтотоксичности, апоптоза и окислительного стресса до воспаления, и большинство из них привели к разочарованию на клинической стадии, а на каждой стадии повреждения необходима защита — нейропротекция — для предотвращения того или иного пути повреждения или минимизации последствий. Это свидетельствует о том, что нейропротекция остается важной тактикой лечения. В этом обзоре представлен краткий обзор клинически изученных методов нейропротекции, их механизмов, результатов, потенциальных целей нейропротекции и таргетной терапии.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>yopiq bosh miya jarohati butun dunyo bo‘ylab o‘lim va og‘ir nogironlikning asosiy sababidir. Qurbonlarini davolash va reabilitatsiya qilish turli mamlakatlar byudjetlariga katta ziyon yetkazadi. Psixologik va jismoniy yuk, hayot sifatining pasayishi va sezilarli xarajatlar faqat ushbu bemorlarni boshqarishning qo‘shimcha, yanada murakkab va samarali variantlari zarurligini ta‘kidlashi mumkin. Neyroproteksiya kontseptsiyasi ishemiya tomonidan qo‘zg‘atilgan murakkab patofiziologik o‘zgarishlardan foydalangan holda yaxshiroq natijaga erishish vositasi bo‘lib, ko‘plab terapevtik va jarrohlik strategiyalarining markazida bo‘lib kelgan va shunday bo‘lib qoladi. Eksitotoksiklik, apoptoz va oksidlovchi stressdan yallig‘lanishgacha bo‘lgan YBMJning turli mexanizmlarini keltirib chiqaradigan bir necha turdagi asoratlar o‘rganildi va ularning aksariyati klinik bosqichda umidsizlikka olib keldi va zararning har bir bosqichida zararning u yoki bu yo‘lini oldini olish yoki oqibatlarni minimallashtirish uchun himoya - neyroproteksiya qilish kerak. Bu esa neyroproteksiyaning muhim davolash taktikasi bo‘lib qolayotganini ko‘rsatadi. Ushbu sharhda klinik jihatdan o‘rganilgan neyroproteksiya usullari, ularning mexanizmlari, natijalari neyroproteksiyaning potentsial maqsadlari va maqsadli davolash usullari haqida qisqacha ma‘lumot berilgan.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>neuroprotection</kwd>
        <kwd>closed craniocerebral injury</kwd>
        <kwd>apoptosis</kwd>
        <kwd>inflammation</kwd>
        <kwd>excitotoxicity</kwd>
        <kwd>oxidative stress</kwd>
        <kwd>kallidinogenase</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>нейропротекция</kwd>
        <kwd>закрытая черепно-мозговая травма</kwd>
        <kwd>апоптоз</kwd>
        <kwd>воспаление</kwd>
        <kwd>эксайтотоксичность</kwd>
        <kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd>
        <kwd>каллидиногеназа</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>neyroproteksiya</kwd>
        <kwd>yopiq bosh miya jarohati</kwd>
        <kwd>apoptoz</kwd>
        <kwd>yallig‘lanish</kwd>
        <kwd>eksitotoksiklik</kwd>
        <kwd>oksidlovchi stress</kwd>
        <kwd>kallidinogenaza</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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