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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v4i2.1327</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-012809</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>10.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ ЖИЗНИ И ПРОБЛЕМА СМЕРТИ В ЭПОСЕ О ГИЛЬГАМЕШЕ</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>THE EXPRESSION OF LIFE AND THE PROBLEM OF DEATH IN THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>GILGAMESH DOSTONIDA HAYOT IFODASI VA O‘LIM MUAMMOSI</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Шамсиддинова Ситора Бадриддиновна</string-name>
          <aff>Докторант Ташкентского государственного университета востоковедения</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>73</fpage>
      <lpage>76</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-012809/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Концепции Бога и творения всегда занимали человеческий разум. На протяжении всей истории люди подвергали эти вещи сомнению благодаря дарованному им интеллекту. Эпосы и легенды — древнейшие тексты. Сотворение мира (космогония, космология), первые эпосы и легенды является основной темой. Гильгамеш – это древнейшее литературное произведение, сохранившееся до наших дней, и первый эпос. Эпос, который сначала передавался из уст в уста и был записан спустя столетия после своего первого появления, представляет собой историю ожесточенной борьбы Гильгамеша, правителя Урука, одной из первых цивилизаций Месопотамии, с великанами (злом) и смертными ради блага своего народа.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The concepts of God and of creation have always occupied the human mind. Throughout history people have questioned these things thanks to the intellect granted to them. Epics and legends are the most ancient texts. The creation of the world (cosmogony, cosmology) is the main theme of the first epics and legends. Gilgamesh is the most ancient literary work that has survived to our days, and the first epic. The epic, which was at first transmitted by word of mouth and was written down centuries after its first appearance, is the story of the fierce struggle of Gilgamesh, the ruler of Uruk, one of the first civilizations of Mesopotamia, against giants (evil) and mortals for the good of his people.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>Xudo va yaratilish tushunchalari doimo inson tafakkurini band etib kelgan. Tarix davomida odamlar o‘zlariga ato etilgan aql tufayli bu narsalarni shubha ostiga olganlar. Dostonlar va afsonalar — eng qadimgi matnlardir. Olamning yaratilishi (kosmogoniya, kosmologiya) dastlabki dostonlar va afsonalarning asosiy mavzusidir. Gilgamesh — bugungi kungacha saqlanib qolgan eng qadimgi adabiy asar va birinchi dostondir. Avval og‘izdan-og‘izga o‘tib yurgan va ilk paydo bo‘lganidan asrlar o‘tib yozib olingan ushbu doston Mesopotamiyaning dastlabki sivilizatsiyalaridan biri bo‘lgan Uruk hukmdori Gilgameshning o‘z xalqi manfaati yo‘lida devlar (yovuzlik) va o‘lim bilan olib borgan shiddatli kurashi hikoyasidir.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>смерт</kwd>
        <kwd>бессмертия</kwd>
        <kwd>миф</kwd>
        <kwd>эпос</kwd>
        <kwd>змея</kwd>
        <kwd>цивилизация</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>death</kwd>
        <kwd>immortality</kwd>
        <kwd>myth</kwd>
        <kwd>epic</kwd>
        <kwd>snake</kwd>
        <kwd>civilization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>o‘lim</kwd>
        <kwd>o‘lmaslik</kwd>
        <kwd>mif</kwd>
        <kwd>doston</kwd>
        <kwd>ilon</kwd>
        <kwd>sivilizatsiya</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="r1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>Frahm E. Nabû-zuqup-kēna, Gilgameš XII, and the rites of Du’uzu // NABU 2005/1. P. 4-5.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>Koch-Westenholz, U. Babylonian Liver Omens. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2000.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>Leick, G. Who’s who in the Ancient Near East. London, Routledge, 1999.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="r4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>George, A.R. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic. 2 vol. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
