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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">research-focus</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Research Focus International Scientific Journal</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Research Focus</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub" publication-format="electronic">2181-3833</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66073/researchfocus.v3i11.1182</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other" assigning-authority="relibrary.uz">REL-A-012673</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="oak">
          <subject>14.00.00</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE MASTOID FORAMEN: MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING EXIT HOLE MAPPING</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>АНАТОМИЧЕСКИЕ ВАРИАЦИИ СОСЦЕВИДНОГО ОТВЕРСТИЯ: МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КАРТИРОВАНИЯ ВЫХОДНОГО ОТВЕРСТИЯ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="uz">
          <trans-title>SO‘RG‘ICHSIMON O‘SIQ TESHIGINING ANATOMIK VARIATSIYALARI: CHIQISH TESHIGINI KARTALASH ORQALI MORFOMETRIK TAHLIL</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Muhammad Kalim Raza</string-name>
          <aff>Assistant professor, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Alkov Ruslan Alimjonovich</string-name>
          <aff>Student, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Lutfullaev Xafizullo Zaynullaevich</string-name>
          <aff>Student, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>179</fpage>
      <lpage>186</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref>
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://relibrary.uz/REL-A-012673/"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The mastoid foramen is an anatomical structure critical for neurosurgical interventions due to its role in venous drainage via the mastoid emissary vein, which connects the sigmoid sinus to the external veins of the skull. This study aimed to investigate the morphometric parameters of the mastoid foramen by analyzing 28 dried human skulls from the Anatomy Department at Samarkand State Medical University. Measurements focused on the foramen‘s length, width, and shape, revealing that the average diameters for the right and left mastoid foramina were 0.13 cm and 0.1 cm, respectively. The predominant shapes identified were star-shaped and round, underscoring significant variability in anatomical features. Additionally, the exit shapes of the foramina were assessed, which further elucidated the potential anatomical variations that can influence surgical approaches. These findings are crucial for enhancing the understanding of the anatomical characteristics of the mastoid foramen and its clinical implications, particularly in reducing operative risks associated with neurosurgery. Future research could expand on these findings to clarify the anatomical variations and improve surgical strategies involving the mastoid region.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Сосцевидное отверстие является анатомической структурой, критически важной для нейрохирургических вмешательств из-за его роли в венозном дренаже через сосцевидную эмиссарную вену, которая соединяет сигмовидный синус с наружными венами черепа. Целью данного исследования было изучение морфометрических параметров сосцевидного отверстия путем анализа 28 высушенных человеческих черепов с кафедры анатомии Самаркандского государственного медицинского университета. Измерения были сосредоточены на длине, ширине и форме отверстия, что показало, что средние диаметры правого и левого сосцевидных отверстий составляли 0,13 см и 0,1 см соответственно. Преобладающими формами были звездообразная и круглая, что подчеркивает значительную изменчивость анатомических особенностей. Кроме того, были оценены формы выходных отверстий, что дополнительно прояснило потенциальные анатомические вариации, которые могут влиять на хирургические подходы. Эти результаты имеют решающее значение для улучшения понимания анатомических характеристик сосцевидного отверстия и его клинических последствий, особенно для снижения операционных рисков, связанных с нейрохирургией. Будущие исследования могут расширить эти результаты для уточнения анатомических вариаций и улучшения хирургических стратегий, затрагивающих область сосцевидного отростка.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="uz">
        <p>So‘rg‘ichsimon o‘siq teshigi sigmasimon sinusni bosh suyagining tashqi venalari bilan bog‘laydigan so‘rg‘ichsimon emissar vena orqali venoz drenajdagi roli sababli neyroxirurgik aralashuvlar uchun juda muhim anatomik tuzilma hisoblanadi. Ushbu tadqiqot Samarqand davlat tibbiyot universiteti anatomiya kafedrasidan olingan 28 ta quritilgan inson bosh suyagini tahlil qilish orqali so‘rg‘ichsimon o‘siq teshigining morfometrik ko‘rsatkichlarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. O‘lchovlar teshikning uzunligi, kengligi va shakliga qaratilgan bo‘lib, o‘ng va chap so‘rg‘ichsimon teshiklarning o‘rtacha diametri mos ravishda 0,13 sm va 0,1 sm ni tashkil etgani aniqlandi. Ustun shakllar yulduzsimon va yumaloq bo‘lib, bu anatomik xususiyatlardagi sezilarli o‘zgaruvchanlikni ta‘kidlaydi. Bundan tashqari, teshiklarning chiqish shakllari baholandi, bu esa xirurgik yondashuvlarga ta‘sir qilishi mumkin bo‘lgan potensial anatomik variatsiyalarni yanada oydinlashtirdi. Ushbu natijalar so‘rg‘ichsimon o‘siq teshigining anatomik xususiyatlari va uning klinik oqibatlari haqidagi tushunchani chuqurlashtirish uchun, ayniqsa neyroxirurgiya bilan bog‘liq operatsion xavflarni kamaytirishda hal qiluvchi ahamiyatga ega. Kelgusi tadqiqotlar anatomik variatsiyalarni oydinlashtirish va so‘rg‘ichsimon o‘siq sohasini qamrab oluvchi xirurgik strategiyalarni yaxshilash uchun ushbu natijalarni kengaytirishi mumkin.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Mastoid foramen</kwd>
        <kwd>emissary vein</kwd>
        <kwd>craniometry</kwd>
        <kwd>anatomical variations</kwd>
        <kwd>neurosurgery</kwd>
        <kwd>exit shape</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>сосцевидное отверстие</kwd>
        <kwd>эмиссарная вена</kwd>
        <kwd>краниометрия</kwd>
        <kwd>анатомические вариации</kwd>
        <kwd>нейрохирургия</kwd>
        <kwd>форма выхода</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="uz">
        <kwd>So‘rg‘ichsimon o‘siq teshigi</kwd>
        <kwd>emissar vena</kwd>
        <kwd>kraniometriya</kwd>
        <kwd>anatomik variatsiyalar</kwd>
        <kwd>neyroxirurgiya</kwd>
        <kwd>chiqish shakli</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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</article>
